Chapter 6 The Periodic Table

Metal

Good conductors, shiny malleable, and ductile.

Non-metal

No luster, poor conductors usu. gasses

Metalloid

Lie on both sides of the metalloid line

Periodic law

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties show a periodic pattern.

Periodic trend

A trend

Moseley

Developed the concept of atomic number

Period

Horizontal groups

Group

Verticle groups

Mendeleev

Russian chemist who published the first periodic table arranged by increasing atomic mass (1869)

Meyer

German chemist arranged the periodic table according to increasing atomic mass (1869)

Dobereiner

German chemist who classified elements into triads.

Newlands

English chemist who arranged elements according to the law of octaves (1865)

Alkali metals

Group 1 they are shiny solids malleable, and ductile. Uses baking soda compounds salt and lithium.

Alkaline earth metals

Second Group Higher densities and melting points Uses structural metals alloys, limestone chalk

Transition metals

Groups 3-12 have high density and melting points of strong structural materials. Uses in jewelry, coins, silverware

Inner transition metals

Lanthanides- soft silver metals tarnish readily in the air. Actinides- radioactive

Noble gases

Group 18 stable very unreactive

Halogens

Group 17 “salt formers”

Ionization energy

Energy needed to remove one of its electrons Decreases as you move down, and increases as you move right.

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Decreases going down and increase across a period.

Electron affinity

Energy change that occurs when an atom gains an extra electron. Non-metals have more negative affinities than metals.

Atomic radius

Distnace from the center of the atoms nucleus to its outermost electron. It increase down a group and decreases to the right.

Group 1

- Alkaline metals

Group 2

- Alkaline Earth metals

Groups 3-12

-Transition metals

Group 17

- Halogens

Group 18

- Noble gases

Where is the metalloid line (between which elements)?

In between B, Al goes down diagonally to the right.

4f

-Lanthanides

5f

-Actinides

Which Ion is smaller? Ca2+ or Na+

Ca2+

Which Ion is smaller? O^2- or Cl-

Cl-