GIS exam

Geospatial Technology Matching: GIS:

Software/hardware/data system to capture, store, analyze spatial data.

Geospatial Technology Matching: Remote Sensing:

Capturing/processing data from afar

Geospatial Technology Matching:UAVs

Drones for imagery/LiDAR

Geospatial Technology Matching:LiDAR:

Laser pulses creating dense point clouds

Geospatial Technology Matching:Augmented Reality:

Overlays spatial data on displays

Geospatial Technology Matching:GPS/GNSS:

Satellite location collection.

Which type of Geospatial Technology would this be?

Creating a land cover map by classifying satellite imagery

Remote Sensing (classifying satellite imagery to create land cover maps).

3 examples of GIS / Mapping Platforms Definition:

Google Earth Engine, ArcGIS Pro, and QGIS.

Five GIS Capabilities Definition:

1. Capture

2. Store (geodatabases/shapefiles),

3. Query (finding counties with population > 1 million),

4. Analyze (flood risk modeling),

5. Display and Share (interactive web maps).

Five GIS Capabilities: Display and share

Creating an interactive web map

Origin Decade of GIS

1960s

Which spatial format is a container for vector and raster data, tables, and properties?

Geodatabase (container for vector and raster data, tables, and properties).

Shapefile File Components Definition:

SHP, SHX, DBF, PRJ, and XML.

Vector File Formats Definition:

KML, GeoJSON, SHP, and GDB Feature Class.

Raster File Formats Definition:

TIF, IMG, JPG, and MrSID.

Spatial data allow us to:

To identify and visualize patterns and variation.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the data model and its attribute table?

Raster data has one row in the table for each cell value. Vector data has one row in the table for each feature on the map.

Five GIS Capabilities: Query

Identifying which counties have more than 1 million people

Five GIS Capabilities:Store

Vector and raster layers in geodatabases and shapefiles

Five GIS Capabilities:Analyze

Identifying areas at highest risk for flooding and debris flows after a fire

Five GIS Capabilities:Capture

Collecting field data with a GPS

True or False: It's ok to go back and forth between vector and raster because the data will not change at all in the conversion.

False

Which of the following are advantages of raster data? Select the 3 correct answers.

-Raster has a simple data structure making it easier to perform overlays

-Raster has more analysis choices

-Raster is typically faster to process

What are the three basic geometry types for vector data?

Point, line, and polygon

Which data storage model is best for discrete features like trails or pipelines?

Vector

Within an attribute table, each attribute field is stored in its own:

Column

What's the term for a collection of features with the same geometry, attributes, and coordinate system?

Feature class

Shapefile

A spatial file format which stores vector data as a collection of multiple files including a dbf, shx, and more.

Coordinates

Location information stored as a pair of numbers. Points - and vertices for lines and polygons - are made up of these.

Attribute

Information about each feature, stored in a field in a table.

Feature

Individual items or objects, stored in a spatial file. Each one of these has a row in the table with its attributes.

Vector

Data storage model depicting entities as points, lines, and polygons

Feature Class

A collection of features with the same geometry, coordinate system, and table. Commonly referred to as a layer.

Geo JSON

A spatial file format used widely for web-based data. It stores coordinates and simple attribute tags for features.

Grid Cell

The individual component of a raster, stored in an array of rows and columns

What are the two primary data storage models?

vector and raster

This type of attribute table is for a:

raster layer

How do we define "cell size" for rasters?

The length of a grid cell on one side

Which of the following is an advantage to using a Geographic Coordinate System?

It is applicable worldwide

A projection with conformal in the name is attempting to minimize distortion in what category?

shape

The graphic below is showing a(n) _______ _________ type of projection.

cylindrical, oblique

You have a map with a grid-shaped graticule that looks like the following graphic.

 

cylindrical

What is scale?

The ratio of a distance on the map to a distance on the Earth

At what location in a UTM zone is there no distortion?

Make sure you understand how UTM zones are set up before answering this question

Along one of the secant lines

The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system uses a Transverse Mercator projection.

This is an example of what projection family?

Cylindrical

We say that maps lie because of distortion.

What are the four categories in which maps 'lie'?

area

distance

shape

direction

The two general types of coordinate systems are:

projected

geographic

A mathematical approximation of the shape of the Earth is called a(n):

ellipsoid

What type of projection would be ideal for a map of an east-west oriented continent?

A conical projection

What is the UTM Easting coordinate for the center of a UTM zone?

500,000

4,491,359.78N

UTM coordinate for Morgan library representing meters north of the Equator

40.572987

Geographic coordinate in DD

40 30 23.56

Geographic coordinate in DMS

492,847.681715E

UTM coordinate for Morgan Library representing meters East within Zone 13

NAD83 is an example of a:

Datum