Studied by 4 people
What is a chromosome
A linear DNA molecules that are tightly coiled around proteins. Chromosomes contains genes
How many chromosome does human body cell contains
46 or 23 pairs
What are the sex chromosomes
It is a pair of chromosomes that determines sex, such as males have an x and Y chromosome while female has two X chromosome
What is mitosis
It is a form of cell division that produces two daughter cells, they are both genetically identical on the parent cell with the same number of chromosome (46)
What is mitosis used for in organisms [4]
Asexual reproduction
Growth
Repair of damage cells
Cell replacement
What is meiosis
It is a form of cell division involves in the formation of gametes, chromosome in meiosis is halved which mean it only has 23 chromosomes. There are two division in meiosis and produce total of 4 gametes
What is meiosis used for in organisms
Increase genetic variation
Ensures that the resultant zygote has a full set of chromosome
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis
Only occurs in non-reproductive cells
Produce two daughter cells
Daughter cells are genetically identical
Have 46 chromosome
Occurs for growth, repair and replacement of damaged cells
Meiosis
Occurs only in reproductive cells
Produces 4 daughter cells
Daughter cells are genetically different
Have 23 chromosomes
Occurs for the formation of gametes during sexual reproduction
What is cancer
It is the results of uncontrolled mitosis which would forms primary tumour
What are stem cells
Cells that are unspecialised and capable of differentiating into a range of different cell types
Why is cell differentiation important
It gives higher efficiency as it enables the formation of specialised cells with specific functions
What are embryonic stem cells
Stem cells that are found in early embryos
What are the difference between adults and embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells can differentiates into any type of cells while adult stem cell can only differentiates limited ranged of cells
What is the primary function of adult stem cells
To replace the dead cells
What are the potential use of stem cell in medicine
Treat diseases like heart diseases
Used to repair damaged tissues
Used in scientific research
Growing organs for transplant
What are the ethical issues related to the used of stem cells in medicine
Catholics see embryos as a potential human life
Could lead to farming of embryos for stem cells
May lead to reproductive cloning of humans
Where are stem cells found in plants
Meristems (regions where cells are continuously dividing such as root tips)
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