Globalisation divisions- realists and liberals

Analyse the divisions regarding globalisation that exists between realists and liberals. 12 marker SECTION B.

Introduction

Globalisation: The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among states, economies, and cultures on a global scale.

Point: Liberals view globalisation as a force for cooperation and prosperity, while realists see it as a potential threat to state sovereignty and security.

Explanation: Liberals argue that globalisation encourages interdependence, reducing the likelihood of conflict and promoting economic growth. Realists, however, contend that globalisation increases vulnerability by eroding sovereignty and empowering rival states.

Examples:

• Liberals: The EU as a model of economic integration and peace through globalization.

• Realists: Concerns over China's growing power due to global trade, seen as a challenge to Western dominance.

Analysis: Liberals focus on the mutual benefits of globalisation, while realists emphasise the risks it poses to national interests and autonomy.

Link: These opposing views highlight the liberal optimism about cooperation versus the realist prioritisation of security and sovereignty.

Point: Liberals see institutions as essential in managing globalisation, while realists view them as tools for powerful states to maintain control.

Explanation: Liberals argue that institutions like the WTO or IMF facilitate global cooperation and provide stability. Realists, however, believe these institutions reflect the interests of dominant states, reinforcing inequalities.

Examples:

• Liberals: The WTO as a framework for promoting free trade and resolving disputes.

• Realists: The IMF imposing Western-dominated policies on weaker states, reinforcing power asymmetries.

Analysis: While liberals celebrate institutions as neutral platforms for global governance, realists remain skeptical, focusing on how they preserve existing power structures.

Link: This division stems from their differing beliefs about the potential for equality and fairness in the global system.

Point: Liberals see globalisations as diminishing the importance of power politics, while realists argue it aggravates competition.

Explanation: Liberals, influenced by thinkers like Keohane, argue that globalisation reduces the need for power struggles by creating shared interests. Realists, drawing on Hobbes, maintain that globalisation merely shifts the balance of power and intensifies rivalries.

Examples:

• Liberals: Global supply chains, such as US-China trade, creating mutual economic dependency.

• Realists: The same US-China relationship as an example of globalisation fuelling strategic competition, such as over technology.

Analysis: Liberals see globalisation as diminishing zero-sum thinking, while realists argue it reshapes but does not eliminate power rivalries.

Link: This reflects the broader liberal faith in cooperation versus realist skepticism about overcoming an anarchic international system.