Metals and non-metals

What are the general properties of metals?

They are malleable, ductile, conductive, and shiny.

Why do metals conduct electricity?

They have free-moving delocalized electrons.

How do non-metals differ from metals?

Non-metals are brittle, insulating, and often dull.

What is a metalloid?

An element with properties of both metals and non-metals.

Why are metals malleable?

Layers of atoms can slide over each other without breaking bonds.

What is the role of metallic bonding in conductivity?

Delocalized electrons allow electrical and thermal conduction.

Why do non-metals have lower melting points?

They form covalent bonds, which are weaker than metallic bonds.

How do metals react with oxygen?

They form metal oxides, which are usually basic.

What are alloys, and why are they useful?

Mixtures of metals that improve strength, hardness, or resistance to corrosion.

Why are metals ductile?

The atomic structure allows them to be drawn into wires.

What makes transition metals different from alkali metals?

Transition metals are less reactive and form colored compounds.

How do non-metals react with metals?

They gain electrons to form negative ions.

Why are noble gases considered non-metals?

They do not react and have low densities and boiling points.

What is the typical state of metals at room temperature?

Solid, except for mercury, which is liquid.

How are metals extracted from their ores?

By chemical reduction or electrolysis.