36. Epidemiology and prevention of AIDS

Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS?

- 34 million worldwide living w/ HIV

- 23 million in Africa

- Most new cases occur in Africa

- 1,8 million deaths worldwide due to AIDS (most in Africa)

- Adult prevalence of AIDS in Africa: 4,7%

- Life expectancy after HIV epidemic in the 80s - decreased

HIV transmission?

blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk

- Mostly by men who have sex with men

Who are most affected in non-African countries?

Black people are more commonly affected than other ethnicities

For every 100 HIV+ mother?

There will be 35 HIV+ babies

Complications of HIV?

Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, cancer, and dementia

- Pneumocystis jirovecii

- Toxoplasmosis

- Candida infection

- TB

- Kaposi sarcoma

Prevention - HIV?

Primary:

- Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV-positive pregnant women

- Condom

Tertiary:

- Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive patients

- Post-exposure prophylaxis