Social Deviance Exam 3

Define property crimes

The illegal taking or damaging of property

Has the rate of property crime in the US increased or decreased? 

decreased 

What doesn’t the FBI include in their definition of property crime

robbery

Define larceny

completed or attempted theft of property or cash without personal contact or force

Has larceny increased or decreased over the years

decreased

What is the largest property crime

vehicle theft(car parts)

Define burglary 

unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of a residence

What are the three types of burglary defined by the UCR?

entrance gained by force, unlawful entry without force, attempted entry by force

What makes burglary a home invasion

if the residents or homeowners are present (“confronts them”)

Define robbery

taking or attempting to take something from the care, custody or control of a person

What is personal robbery vs. institutional robbery 

individual vs. business 

What is highway robbery

mugging in a public place

What is strong arm robbery vs. unarmed robbery

physical force, no weapon vs no weapon

What is attempted robbery

not completed robbery

What is the most common form of property crime

larceny 

Which country has the highest rate of property crime

new zealand

Which country has the lowest rate of property crime

japan

Which state has the highest rate of property crime

Texas

Which state has the lowest property crime 

Vermont 

Which state has the highest number of property crimes

california

How does the US rank in property crime

7th

How does low SES impact property crime?

increases chances

Which race is most likely to experience property crime?

Black males 

Which gender is most likely to experience property crime?

Men

Which age is most likely to experience property crime?

adolescents(younger than 19)

What is the cost of property crime?

17 billion

What is the victim offender relationship of robbery?

male/stranger(80%)- intraracial

What did Conklin say about the victim offender relationship of larceny?

They know each other

What did wright and decker say about burglary victim offender relationship?

60% target victims, know each other but not close

What are the 4 parts of decision making in property crime?

offenders assessment, attractiveness, planning, and target selection

What is the offenders assessment in criminal decision making for property crime

estimates the risk and available opportunities

What is the attractiveness in criminal decision making for property crime

influence of the location of the target

What is the target selection in criminal decision making for property crime

cash availability, area, seasonal variations

Is robbery planned?

No, need improvisation and communication skills. 

Is burglary planned?

Yes

Is larceny planned?

no, spur of the moment action

What season is robbery most likely to occur and why?

winter, people are shopping

What season is burglary most likely to occur and why?

summer, people on vacation 

What are Sutherlands three levels of theives?

professional, persistence, occasional

What is Sutherlands professional thieves

high level, for money

What is Sutherlands persistence thieves

no skill set, likely to get caught

What is Sutherlands occasional thieves

simple theft, most likely to be caught

What did Gibbon say are the 4 status of offenders for property crime?

professional heavies, professional, semiprofessional, amateur

What is Gibbons professional heavies?(property crime)

big community, high level (art theft)

What is Gibbons professionals(property crime)

smaller scale, money

What is Gibbons semiprofessionals(property crime)

caught often, some skill

What is Gibbons amateur property offenders

caught most often

What did merton say about property crime

high level of anomie and low integration result in property crime, accept goal + reject means

What did Shaw and Mckay say about property crime

can be generational, greater social disorganization mean higher property crimes

What did Miller say about property crime?

greater acceptance of focal concerns, greater. probability of property crimes 

What are millers focal concerns

trouble, toughness, excitement, autonomy, smartness, fate

What did Cohen say about property crime

greater frustration more likely to commit property crime

What did Cloward and Ohlin say about property crimes

more a subculture favors property crime, more likely it is to occur

What did Thio say about property crime?

high power-defines crime, apprehend, and punish (more attention given to lower power)

What did Stellin say and property crime?

higher ratio of primary culture conflict to secondary culture conflict, greater rate of individual property offending

What did Quinney say about property crime?

group with power cause those without to commit property crime and punish them

What did Hirschi say about property crime?

those with weaker bonds(attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief) may commit more property crime

What did Sutherland say about property crime

If we hangout with people who commit property crime we are more likely to commit property crime ourselves.

What did Cohen and Felson say about property crime?

for a property crime to be commited need a suitable target, motivated offender, lack of a capable guardian

What did Katz say about property crime

excitement and thrill of property crime causes people to commit it, explains crime in upper and middle class

What does Cornish and Clark say about property crime?

Weigh the costs and benefits of committing property crime

What did Sykes and Matza say about burglary?

techniques in neutralization-insurance covers it

What did Sykes and Matza say about robbery

techniques in neutralization-no weapon, no one hurt

What did Sykes and Matza say about theft?

techniques in neutralization- “they won’t miss it”

How did Sutherland define white collar crime?

committed by a person of respectability and high status in the course of their occupation

What did Edelhertz define white collar crime

Illegal acts committed by non-physical means and by concealment or guile to obtain money/property, avoid payment, prevent loss of money/property, and obtain personal/business advantage

What are Edelhertz 4 types of white collar crime

personal, abuse of trust, business crimes, con-games

What are Simons 5 characteristics of elite deviance

1)upper/middle class 2) can be criminal or non criminal in nature 3) for personal gain 4) poses a great danger to public safety 5) there is low risk/ punishment for crime

What is occupational white collar crime

violation of trust by employee usually for person gain(embezzlement, fraud)

What is corporate white collar crime

enhance financial or competitive interest of a corporation(false advertising/price fixing)

What is government white collar crime

illegal activity by agents of government to protect/advance political position(abuse of power, bribery)

What 4 things did Strador say white collar crime doesn’t include that street crime includes? 

force, sale/poccession of narcs, relate to national policies on immigration/national security, and vice crimes

What 3 things did Thio say that motivates governmental white collar crime

monetary gain, acquistion of power, reinforces condescending attitudes of gov. officials to public

What did Green say are the 4 typologies of occupational crime

organizational, state authority, professional, individual 

What is the definition of Green’s organizational occupational crime

committed for the benefit of the employer

What is the definition of Green’s state authority occupational crime

committed by officials

What is the definition of Green’s professional occupational crime

attorneys and physicians

What is the definition of Green’s individual occupational crime

tax evasion and theft 

What did the NWCCC say are the two criteria for white collar crime

1) status of the offender(s) within an organization 2) use deception to carry out crime

What 5 reasons did Cliffs and Desilets give to explain the rising white collar crime rates  

1)skills required are more common(computer literacy 2) US population is aging 3) opportunity is increasing 4) valuables are more likely to be intangible (digital info) 5)techniques very effective at obtaining things(internet) 

What are the two demenitions of white collar crime and what do they mean

1) offender-based: status, power of offender

2)occupational-based: access to resources

What precent does white collar crime account for of report crime

4%

What is the financial loss of white collar crime

1 trillion(highest cost of crime)

What is the typical offender of white collar crime

white, male, 41 yrs 

What are three most common types of white collar crime

asset misappropriation, corruption, and fraudulent statements

What did cloward and ohlin say about white collar crime 

more a subculture supports white collar crime the more likely it is to be committed 

What did stellin say about white collar crime

a subculture that has more recruitment and bigger following more likely white collar crime is to occur in

What did Quinney say about white collar crime

Those in main group have power and have control over those who aren’t in power

What individual level theories explain white collar crime

differential association, cornish/clark(reward vs. punishment) , sykes and matza(neutralization), katz(seduction of crime)

What is organized crime

serious offense committed by a group of three or more people with the aim of making money 

What is the most common type of cyberdeviance 

phishing 

Why is legistration hard to draft for cyberdeviance

cybercrime is continually evolving and getting better

Why is enforcement of cybercrime difficult

corporations and institutions don’t want to admit that they fucked up 

What age accounts for the most victimization

over 60

Which country is targeted the most for cybercrime

US then China

How much money loss from cybercrime

about 10 trillion dollars 

What is a hacker

infiltrate and explore systems, don’t want to cause harm but gain access

What is a cracker

those who intend to cause harm, motivated by confusion and anomie

What is Taylor’s secrecy and fluidity claim

characterized by fluidity of organization for protection, very private, status +power are non-existent 

What percentage of females are cybercriminals

30%