Applied Statistics Exam 1 Review

Parameter

A numerical description of a population characteristic

Statistic

A numerical description of a sample characteristic

Qualitative Data

Consists of labels or descriptions of traits

Quantitative Data

Consists of counts or measurements

Continuous Data

Quantitative data that can take on any value in a given interval and are usually measurements. Data that can be represented with whole numbers and decimals

Discrete Data

Quantitative data that can take on only particular values and are usually costs. Data that can only be represented by whole numbers

Simple Random Sample

Selected in such a way that every possible sample of the same size has the same change of being chosen. Think of drawing names out of a hat

Systematic Sample

Selected at some starting point, then every nth element is chosen from the population

Convenience Sample

Selected in such a way that the results are easy to get

Stratified Sample

Selected in such a way that you divide the population into subgroups then draw a sample from each subgroup

Cluster Sample

Selected in such a way that you divide the population into groups, then randomly select some of those groups, and then choose all members from those selected groups

Normal Distribution

What type of distribution is this graph?

Uniform Distribution

What type of distribution is this graph?

Skewed to the Right

What type of distribution is this graph?

Skewed to the Left

What type of distribution is this graph?

Variation

A way to statistically describe how much spread is in the data

Standard Deviation

A measure of how much data values deviate away from the mean. Think of this as an estimated average distance that values in a set lie from the mean

Variance

A measure of variation equal to the square of the standard deviation

Range

A measure of dispersion that is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set

Mean

The average set of numbers. When you add the numbers together, then divide by how many numbers there are

Median

The middle number when the numbers are arranged from smallest to largest

Mode

The number that appears most often in a set of numbers

Z-Score

The number of standard deviations that a data value is away from the mean

X with a bar over it

The statistical symbol for a sample mean is what?

M shape or Mu

The statistical symbol for a population mean is what?

S

The statistical symbol for a sample standard deviation is what?

O shape or Sigma

The statistical symbol for a population standard deviation is what?