wk 6 - Hypothesis Testing and One Sample Inference

A collection of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to hypothesis testing and one sample inference.

Hypothesis

A testable proposition or assumption about how the world works.

Null hypothesis (H0)

A negative statement suggesting that the independent variable does not have an impact on the dependent variable.

Alternative hypothesis (H1)

The statement that the researcher believes is true, indicating that the independent variable has an impact on the dependent variable.

Z-test

A statistical method used to determine if there is a significant difference between sample and population means when the population variance is known.

T-test

A statistical method used to determine if there is a significant difference between sample and population means when the population variance is unknown and the sample size is less than 30.

Type I error

The error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Type II error

The error of failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

Significance level (α)

The threshold used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05.

Critical value

The threshold that a test statistic must exceed to reject the null hypothesis.

Sampling distribution

The probability distribution of a given statistic based on a random sample.