GI Pathology Lecture 2

Flashcards covering GI pathology including viral stomatitides, bacterial infections, chemical/traumatic injuries, autoimmune conditions, and oral neoplasia.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

A highly contagious exotic animal disease with high morbidity and low mortality, causing lesions in the pharynx, oral mucosa, and epidermal sites subjected to mechanical injury.

Tiger heart

A malignant form of FMD occurring in young animals, characterized by myocardial necrosis and multiple stripes on the heart.

Ptyalism

The clinical sign of excessive drooling or increased secretion of saliva.

Reportable diseases

Diseases such as FMD that must be reported without delay to state (provincial) and federal authorities in the USA and Canada.

Bluetongue etiology

An Orbivirus.

Bovine papular stomatitis

A condition caused by Parapoxvirus characterized by coin-shaped papules and ulcers on the nares, muzzle, and oral cavity, related to pseudocowpox virus.

Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)

A zoonotic parapoxvirus disease, also known as "sore mouth," primarily affecting lambs and goat kids, causing lesions where trauma occurs and resulting in loss of condition.

Oral Necrobacillosis

Also known as "Calf Diphtheria," this necrotizing stomatitis is caused by the filamentous anaerobic bacteria $Fusobacterium \, necrophorum$.

Harmonia axyridis

The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, which can cause acute corrosion and chemical burns of the oral mucosa in dogs if ingested and embedded in the hard palate.

Bullous Pemphigus

An autoimmune mucous membrane disease that can cause ulcers on the lips, philtrum, and planum nasale.

Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex

A group of lesions including feline eosinophilic plaque (skin), feline eosinophilic granuloma (mucocutaneous/oral), and indolent ulcer (lips).

Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis

An idiopathic condition in cats characterized by red, inflamed gums and fetid breath, often associated with FeLV, FIV, or FCV.

Feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis (FCGS)

A condition with unclear etiology involving oral pain and weight loss, characterized by elevated serum IgG and IgM, and lower saliva $IgA$ levels.

Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis (CUPS)

A lympho-plasmacytic condition most common in older dogs, often presenting as "kissing lesions" on the cheek mucosa above the teeth.

Ankyloglossia

A congenital tongue condition also known as "tongue-tie" that restricts the range of motion.

Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta

A simple autosomal recessive disease in cattle, horses, and pigs characterized by incomplete formation of the cutaneous and oral epithelium.

Wooden Tongue

A condition in cattle caused by $Actinobacillus \, lignieresii$, typically following mouth injuries.

Thrush (Candidiasis)

Infection of the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity and upper GI tract by $Candida \, spp.$, often seen after long-term antibiotic use.

Uremic Glossitis

Ulcerative and necrotizing inflammation on the underside of the tongue, often bilaterally symmetrical, caused by ammonia production from urea in the saliva.

Leukoplakia

Discrete, flat, white epithelial plaques of unknown cause and no clinical significance, though $5\%$ may become cancerous in humans.

Calcinosis Circumscripta

Lesions primarily affecting young, large-breed dogs where the tongue is the second most common site, often associated with trauma.

Epulis

A generic clinical term for tumor-like masses on the gingiva.

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF)

A nonmalignant but infiltrative proliferative lesion of the gingiva, previously called fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin.

Canine oral papillomatosis

Transmissible cauliflower-type "warts" caused by CPV-1 or CPV-13, usually affecting animals younger than 1 year and regressing spontaneously.

Oral melanoma

The most common oral malignancy in dogs, with $90\%$ of cases being malignant.

Feline Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The most common oral malignancy in cats.

Fibrosarcoma

Neoplasia arising from fibroblasts, accounting for $20\%$ of oral neoplasia in cats.

Sialoliths

Calcareous concretions or calculi located in the salivary glands or ducts.

Sialocele (Salivary mucocele)

An accumulation of salivary secretions in soft tissue cavities that are not lined by secretory epithelium (pseudocyst).

Ranula

A true cyst lined by epithelium, characterized by distention of the sublingual or submaxillary salivary gland duct along the floor of the mouth.

Xerostomia

Dry mouth resulting from the destruction of multiple salivary glands.