Topic 2: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to the South and Southeast Asia

Turkic migration

Turkic Muslims started coming and setting up rival empires

Seljuk Turks

pastoral people from CAs whom the Abbasids brought in to expand their empire, selijuks had the most political power, established a sultanate

Ulama

orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking

Sufis

adapted Islamic teachings to local cultures and traditions, contributed greatly to the spread of Islam

Southernization

cultural, economic, and the technological diffusion South Asia to other parts of the World

Mamluks

Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate; eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria

Mahmud of Ghazni

credited w/ sacking one of the wealthiest of Hindu temples; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance

Delhi Sultanate

Muslim kingdom that ruled over parts of the Indian subcontinent; introduced Islam to India, influenced culture, art, architecture, and religion

Malacca

Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian islands

Dar-al-Islam

refers to the regions of the world where Islamic law and practices prevailed, represents the areas where Islamic civilization and influences took root

Al-Andalus/ Muslim Iberia

refer to the Iberian Peninsula that came under Muslim rule during the medieval period; ruled by the Last Umayyad whom didn’t die

Arab(islamic) agricultural revolution

a historical period in the Islamic World, during the Medieval era, significant advancements and innovations in agricultural practices, technologies, and techniques

Bhakti cults/movements

Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; reaction to Islam in the Delhi Sultanate; appealed to lower caste and women, removed caste distinctions

Srivijaya

Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra; built up its navy