General Chemistry (Princeton Review)

What SI base unit measures length?

Meter (m)

What SI base unit measures mass?

Kilogram (kg)

What SI base unit measures time?

Second (s)

What SI base unit measures amount of substance?

Mole (mol)

What SI base unit measures temperature?

Kelvin (K)

What SI base unit measures electric current?

Ampere (A)

What is the prefix and symbol for 10⁻⁹?

Nano (n)

What is the prefix and symbol for 10⁻⁶?

Micro (µ)

What is the prefix and symbol for 10⁻³?

Milli (m)

What is the prefix and symbol for 10⁻²?

Centi (c)

What is the prefix and symbol for 10³?

Kilo (k)

What is the prefix and symbol for 10⁶?

Mega (M)

1000 L is equal to how many cubic meters?

1 m³

1 L is equal to how many cubic centimeters?

1000 cm³

What is the standard SI unit of volume?

Cubic meter (m³)

What is the more commonly used unit of volume in laboratory chemistry?

Liter (L)

What does molarity (M) represent?

Moles of solute per liter of solution

What is the volume equivalence of 1 m?

1 mL = 1 cm³ = 1cc

What is an angstrom in meters?

1 A = 10^-10 meteres

What is the formula for density?

p=m/V (mass divided by volume)

What is the density of water in g/cm³

1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³

What is an Oxidation State?

A value that indicates how many electrons an

What is the mnemonic for electronegativity order?

FONClBrISCH

What is a molecular formula?

The exact amount of atoms in each element in a compound

What is an Empirical Formula?

The simplest whole number ration of atoms in a compound

What is the unit for atomic weight?

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

What is a mole?

A particular amount of things

What is Avogadro’s Number?

What is the formula to calculate moles?

mass in grams divided by molecular weight

What is a polyatomic ion?

2+ atoms covalently bonded together that carry a net charge

What is the equation for Molarity?

Number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution

What does Mole fraction represent?

Expresses concentration when more than one solute is present

What is the mole fraction equation?

Number of moles of substance divided by total number of

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

The amount of matter does not change in a chemical reaction.

What is the limiting reagent?

The reactant that is consumed first, limi

What is a catalyst?

Substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed

What does the nucleus of an atom consist of?

Protons and Neutrons

What is the Atomic Number (Z)?

The number of protons in nucleus

What is the Mass Number (A)?

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus

What is an Isotope?

Two atoms of the same element differ in the amount of neutrons

What is the Atomic Weight?

The average of masses of an elements isotope

What is an anion?

A negatively charged ion

wHA

What is the Strong Nuclear force?

Force holding protons and neutrons

What are unstable nuclei called?

Radioactive nuceli

What is Alpha Decay?

A large nucleus

What does an alpha particle consist of?

2 protons and 2 neutrons (⁴₂He)

What is Beta Decay?

The conversion of a neutron into a proton or vice versa

What is B^- Decay?

The nucleus has too many neutrons so it converts the amount of neutrons into protons and electrons

What happens when a B- particle is ejected?

The atomic number is 1 greater

What is B+ Decay?

The nucleus lacks neutrons so it converts protons into neutrons and a positron is ejected

What happens when B+ particle is ejected?

The atomic number is 1 less

What is Electron Capture?

The nucleus is unstable so to increase the number of neutrons it catered an electron from the closest electron shell

In Electron capture what happens to the element!

The atomic number is reduced by 1 and the mass number stays the same

What is Gamma Decay?

The nucleus is taken from excited state to ground state by emitting a photon

When does Gamma Decay occur?

Occurs right after alpha or beta decay

What is Half Life ?

The time is takes for ½ of a substance to decay

What is Nuclear Binding energy?

Energy released when protons and neutrons were bound together by strong force to form nucleus and/or break nucleus

What is mass defect?

The difference between the mass of combined nucleons and separate nucleons

What is Emission Spectra?

The light emitted at certain wavelengths for particular substance

What is Planck’s constant?

6.63 × 10-34

What is Ground state?

The lowest possible energy level

What is Excited state?

A higher energy level than ground state

What is Aufbau’s Principle?

Electrons occupy lowest energy orbital available

What is Hund’s Rule?

Electrons in the same subshell occupy available orbitals one at a time before forming pairs

What is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle?

There can only be 2 electrons per orbital

How many orbitals does the s-subshell have?

1 orbital

How many orbitals does the p-subshell have?

3 orbitals

How many orbitals does the d-subshell have?

5 orbitals

How many orbitals does the f-subshell have?

7 orbitals

What does Diamagnetic mean?

All atoms are spin paired up

What does paramagnetic mean?

All atoms are not spin paired

When writing electron configurations, when in the d block how many numbers do you subtract from the period?

Subtract 1 from period

When writing electron configurations, when in the f block how many numbers do you subtract from the period?

Subtract 2 from the period

What does Isoelectronic mean?

When different elements have the same electron configuration

What is the Shielding effect?

The filled shell between the nucleus and valence electrons will shield the valence electron from the effect of positively charged protons in the nucleus

How does atomic radius increase on the periodic table?

Going down a group and moving right to left across a period

How does ionization energy increase on the periodic table?

Moving up a group and going across a period from left to right

How does electronegativity increase on the periodic table?

Going up a group and going across a period from left to right

How does acidity increase on the periodic table?

Going down a group and across a period from left to right

What is an Empirical Formula?

A ratio from the molecular formula