Populations

The community and public health nurse is preparing a care plan for a client in the community. What factors in the community environment should the nurse consider that can affect a client's potential for health and wellness? (Select all that apply.)

Access to fresh foods and groceries

Distance between individual homes

Level of safety to walk or play outside

Size of health care facilities

Air quality and number of pollutants

Access to fresh foods and groceries, Level of safety to walk or play outside, Size of health care facilities, Air quality and number of pollutants

What characteristic will the nurse consider when developing interventions for an aggregate group?

People may not interact with each other.

Individuals live in the same geographical areas.

The group shares the same health resources.

Group individuals have values and beliefs in common.

People may not interact with each other.

To what historic public health achievements have community and public health nurses contributed? (Select all that apply.)

A decrease in the spread of infectious diseases

Implementation of sanitation laws and policies

Improvements in family planning and education

An increase in healthier mothers and babies

First to identify sanitation as a source of disease

A decrease in the spread of infectious diseases, Improvements in family planning and education, An increase in healthier mothers and babies

Which is the best description of an aggregate?

A collection of people who interact with each other
A collection of people who live in the same geographical area
All of the people occupying an area
A group of individuals who are loosely connected with one another

A group of individuals who are loosely connected with one another

What characteristics define a community? (Select all that apply.)

Interaction among a group of people

A group that shares a common interest

Encompasses a sense of member belonging

Acting together to solve a common problem

Share the same moral values

Interaction among a group of people, A group that shares a common interest, Encompasses a sense of member belonging

A community and public health nurse has been assigned to develop and coordinate a community of solution on the issue of childhood obesity. Who should the nurse contact first?

Individuals identified in the local community who have children who are obese

Local school nurses in the community and the surrounding areas

Health care providers in the bariatric surgical unit at the nearby hospital

Health educators in the area interested in researching obesity

Local school nurses in the community and the surrounding areas

Which variable is most likely to influence the health of a community?

Social determinants of health

Access to healthcare

Quality of healthcare

Safety of healthcare

Social determinants of health

Which characteristic of a system also applies to communities and health?

What affects one part of the system affects the system as a whole.

Systems are not related.

The sum of the parts is greater than the whole.

Health is not related to an entire system.

What affects one part of the system affects the system as a whole.

Social determinants of health are not related to the health status of a client.

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

A community health nurse is partnering with several community members to resolve an identified problem of homelessness. One of the community members questions why there are so many people experiencing homelessness when the unemployment rate is below 3% in the community and surrounding area. What would be the nurse's best response to this question?

'Many people are unable to work due to other issues, even though jobs are available in an area.'

'Homelessness is a problem that will take more social support rather than economic support to resolve.'

'There are several interrelating systems that lead to homelessness, including social, environmental, and personal biology.'

'A job is just one step toward reducing homelessness; there are many other issues that must be resolved in order to reduce the problem.'

There are several interrelating systems that lead to homelessness, including social, environmental, and personal biology.'

Which factor is a part of the interrelated environment system? (Select all that apply.)

Ability to ambulate

Safety

Transportation

Adequate fresh water

Housing

Safety, Adequate fresh water, Housing

A public health nurse is providing education to pregnant teenagers on pregnancy nutrition. As part of the education, the nurse also encourages the clients to finish high school and go on to college when possible. What is the rationale for both the nutrition education and encouragement for continued education related to the determinants of health? (Select all that apply.)

The determinant social support is met by the nutrition class.

Personal biology as a health determinant can be eliminated with education.

Low education levels are associated with poorer health and greater stress.

Increased education decreases the likelihood of premature birth.

Education on health determinants can facilitate positive action.

Low education levels are associated with poorer health and greater stress., Education on health determinants can facilitate positive action.

The community health nurse has identified a high rate of obesity in school-age children within one community. The nurse completes a community assessment and finds the median income in the area is 28,000 for a family of four. In what interrelated system will the nurse document this finding?
A. Physical environment
B. Income and social status
C. Social support networks
D. Health services

Income and social status

Which level of prevention has a focus on minimizing disability and restoring function?

Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

Health promotion

Tertiary prevention

When would primary prevention be most effective?
A. After a disease or injury occurs but before another disease or injury occurs
B. Before the disease or injury occurs
C. After the disease or injury occurs and the client needs help to regain health
D. After the disease or injury occurs but detects it early

B. Before the disease or injury occurs

Which is an example of primary prevention of injury?

Teaching a client about the importance of wearing head protection when engaging in activities that may lead to head injury

Teaching a client about the importance of consuming a balanced diet

Providing prompt care when a head injury occurs

Providing rehabilitation after a head injury occurs

Teaching a client about the importance of wearing head protection when engaging in activities that may lead to head injury

The community nurse is educating older adult clients at the local senior center on home safety to prevent falls. Which level of prevention is the nurse practicing?

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Primary

Which of the following are examples of tertiary levels of prevention? (select all that apply)
a) encouraging a client w/HTN to continue a weight loss program
b) providing immunizations to kindergarteners
c) educating new mothers on car seat safety
d) developing a post-mastectomy exercise program to preserve function
e) screening teens who are obese for S&S of DM

a) encouraging a client w/HTN to continue a weight loss program

d) developing a post-mastectomy exercise program to preserve function

In the role of clinician, how can the nurse demonstrate levels of prevention in the field? (Select all that apply.)

Screening children for depression

Educating ostomy clients on new devices

Taking scoliosis measurements

Collaborating with schools and clinics

Administering immunizations

Screening children for depression, Taking scoliosis measurements, Administering immunizations

Despite local and state air quality policies, the local steel smelting mill has been emitting toxins at night into the air. The residents are concerned about the potential health ramifications; in particular, lung complications. The community nurse has developed an early detection process that includes a lung function screening test. Which level of prevention has the nurse activated?

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Secondary

Which tool is most useful to the community health nurse planning health promotion activities for both the environmental and community-level systems?

Health impact pyramid

Social ecologic model

Systems theory

Community assessment

Health impact pyramid

Risk factors for a disease or other unfavorable condition to develop include lifestyle choices, living environment, and biology.

TRUE

FALSE

true

Which factors affects the way a family identifies its health risks? Select all that apply.

Past experiences with illness

Ability to pay for healthcare

Methods used to cope with stress

Cultural view of wellness

Cognitive skills

Past experiences with illness

Ability to pay for healthcare

Methods used to cope with stress

Cultural view of wellness

Which are examples of predictive health factors at the family, community, and/or society level? (Select all that apply.)

A good relationship with parents

Smoking cigarettes

Participating in daily exercise

Chronic stress and anxiety

Wearing a bike helmet

Smoking cigarettes, Chronic stress and anxiety

In providing education to a client at the health department regarding the risk for heart disease, the nurse identifies several protective factors in the client's chart. Which of these items found in the client's chart indicates a protective factor?

Being active in the local church ministries

Drinking a liquid dietary supplement daily

Sleeping 5 to 6 hours per night

Working third shift at the supermarket

Being active in the local church ministries