Reproduction of Physiological Events
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25 Terms
What is pressure wave signal path?
Pressure wave → transducer → strain gauge → wheatstone bridge → monitorsignal
What is an artifact?
False signals superimposed on true signal
What is calibration?
Checking the measuring an instrument against an accurate standard to determine any deviation and correct for error
What is catheter whip?
Movement of catheter tip within the blood vessel in response to pulsatile flow
What is damping?
Loss of energy and vibrations within the monitoring system
What is dynamic response?
Systems ability to measure physiologic pressure changes
What is fidelity?
Indication of system’s capacity to faithfully reproduce the physiologic event
What is natural frequency?
Frequency at which the system vibrates when stimulated by pulsatile signals
What is overshoot/undershoot?
System vibration that occurs when the patient’s pressure wave contains a component frequency equal to the systems natural frequency
What is ringing?
Multiple small spikes on the waveform due to inadequate dynamic response characteristics
What are 3 types of pressures in cardiovascular system?
Hemodynamic
Kinetic energy
Hydrostatic
What is component frequency?
Frequency in a tube that connects to transducer
Why does our tubing need to be low-compliance?
Needs to be stiff to prevent pressure loss
What are two different pressure transducers?
Re-usable
Disposable
What do we use for flush system?
Normal saline with heparin inflated to 300 mmHg - needs to be higher than blood pressure
What is fourier analysis?
It takes the average of all the various waveforms as pressure moves through the system - it is a combination of many pressures
What is hydrodynamic pressure?
Pressure exerted by fluid in motion
What influences natural frequency?
Catheter radius
Catheter length
Fluid density
Elasticity
What is underdamping?
Compliant pressure tubing decreases natural frequency of the system-
What is overdamping?
Component frequency exceeds frequency response of the system
What can cause underdamping?
High HR and hypertension can cause arterial line to have a catheter blip
What does underdamping look like on transducer?
What does over damping look like on pressure transducer?
What does optimally damped look like on pressure transducer?
What are pacemaker cells?