Grammar

Noun

A person place, idea, or thing

Pronoun

A word that replaces a noun

Adjectives

Words that describes nouns or pronouns

Verbs

Words that describe action

Adverbs

Words that discribes verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs

Preposition

tells you the relationships between a noun to in a sentence

Conjunctions

A word that is used to connect clauses sentences or words together

Interjection

A word that express sudden felling, emotion , or reaction

Sentence

A group of words that express a deep thought

Simple sentence

A sentence with only 1 independent clause

Compound sentence

A sentence with 2 or more independent clauses

Complex sentence

A sentence with 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses

Compound-complex sentence

A sentence with 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses

Clause

A group of words with a subject and a predicate

Phrase

A group of words without a subject or predicate

Independent clause

Expresses a complete thought; can stand alone

Dependent clause

Depends on the main clause to complete meaning

Noun clause

Acts as a noun

(Subject or object)

Adjective clause

Describes a noun or pronoun

Adverb clause

Describes the verb

(Shows time, reason, condition, etc)

Infinitive

A verb in its basic form that functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

(Usually use the word -to)

Gerund

A verb form but focus as a noun in a sentence

(Usually end with -ing)

Participle

A verb form that can be used as a adjective

Appositive

A noun that sits next to another noun to rename or rediscribe it

Noun phrase

A group of words with a noun and its modifiers that acts as a noun

Verb phrase

A main verb plus any helping or auxiliary verbs

Adjective phrase

A group of words that describes a noun or pronoun

Adverb phrase

A group of words that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

Prepositional phrase

A group starting with a preposition and ending with its object

Gerund phrase

A verb ending in -ing that acts as a noun

Infinitive phrase

A phrase starting with to plus a verb

Participle phrase

A verb form acting as an adjective

Appositive phrase

Renames or re-identifies another noun right beside it

Object

A noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb

Period (.)

Ends a complete statement or declarative sentence

Question mark (?)

Ends a direct question

Exclamation mark (!)

Shows strong emotion or emphasis

Comma (,)

Separates elements, clauses, or items in a list

Colon (:)

Introduces a list, quote, or explanation

Semicolon (;)

Links two related independent clauses

Dash (—)

Marks a break, pause, or range

Hyphen (-)

Joins words together to form compound terms

Parenthesis (())

Encloses extra information or asides

Coordinating conjunction

Words that link other words, phrases, and clauses together

(FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

Simile

Comparing two different things using like or as

Metaphor

Comparing two different things without using like or as

Alliteration

When two or more words start with the same consonant sound

Personification

When human qualities are given to non human things

Onomatopoeia

Words that reflect sound effects

Hyperbole

When extreme exaggeration is used to make a point

Idiom

A common phrase with a cultural meaning that cannot be understood from the literal words alone

Allusion

A brief, indirect reference to a well-known person, place, event, or work of art

Oxymoron

A combination of two contradictory terms placed side by side

Sybolism

Using a concrete object, color, or image to represent a larger, abstract idea

Pun

A playful joke the exploits multiple meanings of a word or words that sound similar

Verbal

A word formed from a verb that functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb instead of acting as the main action in a sentence

Verbal phrase

A group of words consisting of a main verb and any helping verbs (auxiliary or modal verbs) that work togetherto express an action, occurrence, or a state of being

Subordinating conjunctions

A word that connects a dependent clause to an independent clause

Verb form

A modified spelling or version of an action wore that shows tense, person, or number