Unit 5.5- Treatment and Therapy

Obsessive-Compulsive

Fixation on orderliness, perfection, excessive attention to details, and control

Psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Manifest content

the remembered story line of a dream

Latent content

the underlying meaning of a dream

Biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

Psychodynamic therapy

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

Free association

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Dream interpretation

a technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of dreams is analyzed for disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings, and motivations

Group & family therapy

A method of therapy which views a relationship as a system. The therapist guides the clients to improve communication among people in their life.

Active listening

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.

Unconditional positive regard

an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Genuineness

Therapist shows they are trustworthy

Acceptance

Therapist shows understanding and can share the feelings of the client

Empathetic understanding

the ability of the therapist to understand the subjective experience of the client

Fully functioning

When there is no discrepancy between our perceived (real) self and ideal self

Self-actualization

Individuals have reached their full potential and have become all that they can be.

Humanistic therapy

focuses on the value, dignity, and worth of each person; holds that healthy living is the result of realizing one's full potential

Behavioral therapy

a treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements

Counterconditioning

a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

Exposure therapy

An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response

Systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

Aversive conditioning

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

Biofeedback therapy

Uses principles of conditioning to help clients regulate body systems (such as the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) that contribute to feelings of anxiety or depression.

Flooding

Overloading someone with their fear to force the patient to face it

Token economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Cognitive therapy

a treatment method designed to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, or self-destructive

Cognitive restructuring

a therapeutic approach that teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into more rational belief statements

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

a form of therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder

Cognitive distortions

Irrational, biased ways of thinking that can reinforce negative thoughts or emotions

Fear hierarchy

a list of fears, arranged from least fearful to most fearful, for use in systematic desensitization

Cognitive triad

negative thoughts about self, world, and the future

Antipsychotic drug names

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine), Risperidone (Risperdal), Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Antianxiety drug names

Xanax, Ativan, Valium, Antibiotic-D cycloserine

Antidepressant drug names

Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

Moodstabilizer drug names

Lithium, Depakote-atypical

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Application of recreated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate of suppress brain activity (improves depressed moods)

Deep brain stimulation

electrical stimulation applied through surgically implanted electrodes in neural hub; used to treat some anxiety and mood disorders (relief shown in OCD patients)

Psychosurgery (Lobotomy)

Lobotomies cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. It decreased the person's misery or tension but produced permanently lethargic, immature, uncreative person

SSRIs

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (for depression)