microbio unit 15H: microbial diseases of the nervous + cardiovascular systems

II: microbial diseases of the cardiovascular system (TULAREMIA, BRUCELLOSIS, ANTHAX, GAS GANGRENE, ANIMAL BITES, CAT SCRATCH FEVER)

tularemia is a zoonotic disease known as

rabbit fever

what microbe causes tularemia?

francisella tularensis

francisella tularensis causes what zoonotic disease?

tulerimia

rabbit fever

is tularemia infectious?

yes, highly infectious

what are the animal reservoirs of francisella tularensis?

rabbits

rodents

squirrels

rabbit lice

what is the mode of entry for tularemia?

ingestion

cutaneous

inhalation

what is the treatment for tularemia?

tetracycline

what is the biggest concern about tularemia?

it could be used as a biological weapon

brucellosis is also known as..

undulant fever

what microbe causes brucellosis/undulant fever?

brucella

brucella causes what milk-borne disease?

brucellosis

what is the world’s most common zoonotic disease?

brucellosis

what are the symptoms of brucellosis?

acute cases of fever and chills

most symptoms are subclinical

how is brucellosis diagnosed?

serological testing

what is the mode of entry of brucella?

ingestion

airborne

what is the treatment for brucellosis?

prolonged antibiotics

anthrax is caused by what microbe?

bacillus anthracis

bacillus anthracis causes what disease?

anthrax

bacillus anthracis is a gram _______ rod

positive

bacillus anthracis is virulent because it has _______ and a _______

endospores and a capsule

bacillus anthracis produces what?

exotoxins

bacillus anthracis is primarily a disease of what types of animals?

grazing animals → cattle, sheep

what population is most at risk for anthrax?

those that handle wool, animals, hides, and other animal products

in humans, anthrax looks like a black scab. it is ________

cutaneous

what is the mode of transmission of anthrax?

ingestion or inhalation → known as woolsorter’s disease

is there a vaccine available for anthrax?

yes, for those at risk

what is the treatment for anthrax?

ciprofloxacin

doxycycline

anthrax is considered a threat of __________

bioterrorism

gas gangrene caused by what microbe?

clostridium perfingens

clostridium perfringens causes what disease?

gas gangrene

clostridium perfringens is a gram ______ rod

positive

clostridium perfringens is an anaerobe and has _________

endospores

clostridium perfringens grows on nutrients released from dead + dying cells → it ferments ______ __________ → produces _____ + ____

tissue carbohydrates

toxins + gas

________ leads to soft tissue death which leads to necrosis → gas gangrene

ischemia (loss of blood)

what is the treatment for gas gangrene?

debridement

antibiotics

hyperbaric cuff or chamber

debridement

surgical removal of dead, infected, or damaged tissue

microbe found in between the teeth and gums of animals

pasteurella multocida

there is a higher infection rate of pasteurella multocida with _____ bites

cat

cat scratch fever is cause by what microbe?

bartonella sp.

bartonella sp. causes what disease?

cat scratch fever

how is bartonella sp. transmitted?

cat bite, scratch, or lick in open wound of human

what are the symptoms?

rash

fever

swollen lymph nodes

rash, fever, and _____ ______ _____ are symptoms of cat scratch fever

swollen lymph nodes