Anesthetic
Drug that prevents pain during surgery.
Capital
Money or wealth used to invest in business.
1/54
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Anesthetic
Drug that prevents pain during surgery.
Capital
Money or wealth used to invest in business.
Communism
Extreme form of socialism where the government plays a larger role.
Enclosure
The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers.
Enterprise
Business organization in such areas as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories.
Entrpreneuer
Person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit.
Labor Union
Worker's organization concerned with fair pay and conditions.
Liverpool
City and one of the largest ports in England.
Manchester
City in England and one of the leading industrial areas.
Means of Production
Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods.
Proletariet
Working class that sells their labor for a salary.
Putting-out system
Also known as the cottage industry where people worked from their houses.
Social Democracy
Gradual transition from capitalism to socialism.
Socialism
System where the people own [property and businesses collectively.
Tenement
Multi-story building divided into crowded apartments.
Turnpike
Private road that charged a toll to travelers who used it.
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities.
Utilitarianism
Idea of creating the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people in society.
1750-1850
Time period of the Industrial Revolution.
Agricultural Revolution.
Beginning in the 1600's, improved farming methods, crop yields, and population growth.
Industrial Revolution
Beginning in the 1700's, a period of profound change in how products were made involving more complex machines.
Jethro Tull
Inventor of the Seed Drill.
John Kay
Invented the Flying Shuttle.
Eli Whitney
Invented the Cotton Gin.
Richard Arkwright
Invented the Water Frame.
Edward Cartwright
Inventor of the power loom.
James Watt
Inventor of a more efficient steam engine.
George Stephenson
Developed the first steam powered locomotive.
Reasons why Britain led the Industrial Revolution.
1) Plentiful natural resources. 2) REady workforce. 3) Prosperous economy.. 4) Availability of capital & demand. 5) Stable government.
Population of London by 1850
Over 2 million
Population of London by 1900
Oven 6 million.
Bourgeoisie
Term referring to middle class merchants, inventors, & artisans who were able to afford decent homes, clothes, etc…
Cholera
Disease that spread because of bad water and unsanitary living conditions.
Working conditions in factories (description)
1) rigid schedules. 2) dangerous conditions. 3) long hours. 4) women poorly paid.
Child labor (description)
1) starting around age of seven. 2) Paid little. 3) orphans often exploited.
Factory Act (1833)
Law that limited hours that children worked.
Methodism
Founded by John Wesley & emphasized personal faith and morality.
Sunday Schools
Promoted by Methodists and encouraged reading & writing.
Labor Unions (early 1800's)
Outlawed in the EARLY 1800's.
Luddites
Labor movement that broke into factories and smashed machines in protest.
Trade Union Act (1871)
Officially legalized labor unions which bargained for better wages, hours, and conditions.
Reform Act (1884)
Extended voting rights to working class men.
Steamboats & Railroads
Increased mobility& created new industries.
Laissez-Faire
Meaning "hands-off," economic theory opposes government intervention in the economy.
The Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith argued that a free marked helps everyone because more goods are produced at lower prices.
Thomas Malthus
Argued that population growth would outpace food supply and so discouraged (government) charity.
"Iron Law of Wages"
David Ricardo coined this phrase opposing any government intervention in the economy.
Jeremy Bentham
Philosopher who argued that laws should be judged by their utility, whether they promote the greatest good for the greatest number.
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarian philosopher who supported the right to vote for both men and women.
Utopian Socialism
Movement associated with communities founded by Robert Owen that were seen as impractical.
Communist Manifesto
In 1848, Karl Marx called for "Workers of the world, unite!" in this revolutionary pamphlet.
Communism
An extreme form of socialism where government elite control economic and political life.
Social Democracy
A gradual transition from capitalism to socialism.
Great Exhibition
1851 British exhibition celebrating Britain's industrial might
First steam-powered rail line
Connected Manchester to Liverpool.