attributes of a Christian God
omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient, immanent, transcendent
what is the trinity
3 distinct beings, that all all god, and there is only one god, but these three beings are not all the same thing
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attributes of a Christian God
omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient, immanent, transcendent
what is the trinity
3 distinct beings, that all all god, and there is only one god, but these three beings are not all the same thing
why may some christians not believe in the trinity?
because the bible does not explicitly say so, and it puts christian monotheism at risk
what happened on each day of creation?
day one - day and night
day 2 - sky
day 3 - earth, seas, plants
day 4 - sun and moon
day 5 - animals
day 6 - humans
day 7 - rest
how do the 2 genesis accounts differ?
in one, God creates man and women at the same time, from the same thing. in another, god creates Adam, then Eve from Adam’s ribs. God also makes humans before everything else in Genesis 2.
what role do Jesus and the spirit play in creation?
‘the spirit of God hath made me’ - the spirit is also a life giver.
what is the fall?
Eve took the apple, succumbing to the Devil’s temptation. God punished them and sent them away from the Garden of Eden - this became known as the ‘original sin’.
what do fundamentalist Christians believe about the creation of the world?
The creation story is absolute truth, and science is completely wrong. The world was made in 6 days.
what do liberal Christians think of the creation story?
it is a myth that reveals some truths. science is right, however God started evolution, etc
can christians accept the big bang?
yes, but they will say that God started these processes.
inconsistent triad
God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent, but evil exists.
Job - problem of evil?
God was just testing Job, and God does many things that humans cannot understand (transcendent) so everything has a reason.
Irenaean Theodicy
god created evil to test us and help us choose heaven
soul-making?
John Hicks - these tests make us better people, suffering and evil giving us opportunities to please God.
Moral Argument
Our conscience comes from God, but due to freewill, we can ignore it. Proposed by Cardinal John Newman.
Natural evil is…
evil without human fault, such as earthquakes or floods
moral evil is…
caused by human, therefore God cannot intervene because he has given us freewill and intervening would destroy the integrity of his creation
incarnation
jesus is fully god and fully human, his sacrifice atones for original sin.
agape
unconditional love, that God has for humans and Christians must strive to have for eachother. ‘love your enemy’
messiah
anointed one. christians are referring to Jesus as a King or lord (they were anointed to show that they were chosen by God). jews believed that the messiah would came and save them from the romans.
resurrection
jesus was brought back to life by God, to rule in heaven. ‘I am the resurrection and the life’
asension
the belief that Jesus, 40 days after his resurrection, ascended into heaven, marking his return to God the Father and the completion of his earthly mission
‘he was taken up to heaven’
sermont on the mount
your thought is just as important as your actions
salvation
due to original sin, the relationship between God and humans was broken. Jesus’ sacrifice (atonement) repairs this relationship.
differing christian beliefs about salvation
roman catholics believe that their continued participation in sacraments ensures salvation (such as the eucharist)
evangelical christians believe their faith in Jesus is the key to salvation
some believe it is their good deeds that will get them into heaven
apocalyptic ideas about the church
Early christians believed they were living in some of the last days of the earth. This is the ‘eschaton’. One eschatological belief is that Jesus will come again - known as the parousia.
christians beliefs in afterlife
early church used it to scare people into believing - hell is a place of eternal punishment for non-believers
some christians see the biblical descriptions as symbollic, to help people grasp hell, but it is actually just eternity without God’s blessing
heaven is eternal presence of God
‘there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain’
‘the poet only asks to get his head into the heavens’
purgatory
roman catholic belief in a place of purification, ‘the final purification of the elect’ - these people will definitely go to heaven after this.
differing christian views on the afterlife
all christians believe in heaven and hell
parable of the sheep and goats - if you don’t help other people you’ll risk eternal salvation
‘my father’s house has many rooms’
christian worship: communal
any church service, in a group
christian worship: liturgical vs non-liturgical
liturgical is lead by a priest, very structured - common in anglican, catholic and orthodox
non-liturgical, anyone can speak their mind, more spontaneous. baptist, quaker, methodist
christian worship: charismatic
emphasis on experiencing God/holy spirit instead of just hearing about him. common in Pentecostal churches.
prayer
adoration
confession
thanksgiving
festivals
lent, advent
easter, christmas
many orthodox churches celeberate christmas on the 7th of January, and fast on this day
sacrements
eucharist/communion ‘ do this is remembrance of me’
marriage ‘be fruitful and multiply’
baptism, confirmation (jesus and john)
spiritual cleansing of the soul
pilgrimage
holy land/jerusalem - where jesus lived
lourdes - bernadette saw mary
rome - vatican city, roman catholic church, place where Peter was martyred
holy week
palm sunday, Jesus is welcomed to Jerusalem on a donkey
monday, jesus flips tables
thurday - last supper
friday - crucifixion
easter sunday - tomb is found empty
rites of passage
baptism
confirmation in catholic/some CofE
baptist church - believers baptism, not baptised at birth but when older
weddings and funerals
rites of passage.
catholics believe that marriage is between the couple and God, so no divorce
funerals include bible readings too
'burial/cremation’
‘dust to dust, ashes to ashes’
missions
‘go now intot he world and make disciples of all nations’
1. conversion/evangelism
2. reconciliation, fulfilling jesus’s purpose (agape love)
missio dei - god’s mission
Other roles of the church
youth groups
choirs
elderly groups
clubs
community groups
new forms of church
house church - meeting in people’s homes, grew in 1960s, meet in eachother’s homes
messy church - encourage children to play and have fun, make noise
ecumenicalism
different denominations working together, acknowledging differences but keeping a key goal of fulfilling the Christian goal
iona in scotland, corrymeels in ireland
persecuted church
partly due to the ‘evangelise’ mission
Barnabas fund and other groups aim to support people being persecuted
christian aid agencies
aim to help christians and other people by providing both practical and financial aid
christian aid, cafod, tearfund