Bone List

Frontal Bone

Forehead bone; forms the anterior skull.

Supraorbital Foramen

Opening above the eye socket for nerves.

Parietal Bone

Forms the sides and roof of the skull.

Temporal Bone

Side bone of the skull containing ear structures.

Temporal Squama

Flat part of the temporal bone.

Mandibular Fossa

Depression for the mandible in the temporal bone.

External Auditory Meatus

Canal leading to the eardrum.

Internal Auditory Meatus

Passageway for nerves and vessels that supply the ear.

Styloid Process (temporal)

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Mastoid Process (temporal)

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Stylomastoid Foramen (temporal)

facial nerve

Jugular Foramen (temporal)

holes closest to the foramen magnum

Carotid Foramen (temporal)

opening for carotid artery

Petrous Portion

raised portion on top section of skull towards bottom

Zygomatic Process (Temporal)

articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch

Occipital Bone

Forms the back and base of the skull.

Foramen Magnum

Large opening for the spinal cord.

Hypoglossal Canal

Passage for hypoglossal nerve beneath the occipital bone.

External Occipital Protuberance

bump on back of head

Auditory Ossicles

Three small bones in the middle ear.

Incus

Anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear.

Stapes

Stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear.

Malleus

Hammer-shaped bone in the middle ear.

Sphenoid Bone

Butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull.

Sella Turcica

Depression in the sphenoid for the pituitary gland.

Greater Wing (alisphenoid)

Part of the sphenoid bone extending laterally.

Lesser Wing

Smaller projection of the sphenoid bone.

Pterygoid Processes

Extensions of the sphenoid bone for muscle attachment.

Optic Foramen

Opening for the optic nerve in the sphenoid.

Superior Orbital Fissure

Slit between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid.

Foramen Rotundum

Opening for maxillary nerve in the sphenoid.

Foramen Ovale

Opening for mandibular nerve in the sphenoid.

Foramen Spinosum

Opening for middle meningeal artery in the sphenoid.

Ethmoid Bone

Located between the nasal cavity and orbits.

Lateral Mass

Part of the ethmoid bone supporting the orbits.

Cribriform Plate

Horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone with foramina.

Crista Galli

Vertical projection of the ethmoid bone.

Perpendicular Plate

Vertical part of the ethmoid bone forming nasal septum.

Ethmoid Sinuses

Air-filled spaces within the ethmoid bone.

Olfactory Foramina

Small openings for olfactory nerves in the cribriform plate.

Superior Nasal Concha

not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone. Above middle nasal concha

Middle Nasal Concha

the middle thin, spongy, bony plate with curved margins

Nasal Bone

Forms the bridge of the nose.

Maxilla

Upper jawbone; supports teeth and forms facial structure.

Alveolar Process (Maxilla)

Bony ridge containing tooth sockets.

Palatine Process

Forms the anterior part of the hard palate.

Zygomatic Process (Maxilla)

Extension of the maxilla forming part of the cheek.

Inferior Orbital Fissure

fissure in the orbit floor between maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid

Infraorbital Foramen

opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region

Incisive Foramen

nasopalatine nerve

Zygomatic Bone

cheek bone

Temporal Process

arch of bone extending posteriorly from the zygomatic bone

Lacrimal Bone

Small bone forming part of the eye socket.

Palatine Bone

Forms the posterior part of the hard palate.

Horizontal Plate

forms the posterior portion of the hard palate

Inferior Nasal Conchae

The lowermost scroll-shaped bones on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity.

Vomer

Bone forming part of the nasal septum.

Mandible

Lower jawbone; holds lower teeth.

Coronoid Process

Projection of the mandible for muscle attachment.

Mandibular Notch

mandible

Condylar Process

Part of the mandible that articulates with the skull.

Ramus

Vertical part of the mandible.

Angle (Mandible)

The lower posterior of the ramus

Body (Mandible)

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw

Alveolar Process (Mandible)

supports the lower teeth

Mandibular Foramen

mandible

Mental Foramen

Opening in the mandible for nerves and vessels.

Sutures

Areas where the cranial bones have joined together

Coronal Suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Sagittal Suture

between the two parietal bones

Lambdoid Suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

Squamous Suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

Hyoid

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

Lesser Horn

Part of the hyoid bone.

Greater Horn

hyoid bone

Body of Hyoid

Attaches muscles of larynx, tongue, and pharynx

Vertebral Structure

processes, foramen, body

Vertebral Foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

Body of Vertebral Structure

thick anterior portion

Spinous Process of Vertebral

Pedicle

a supporting column or stalk

Lamina

part of the vertebral arch

Transverse Process of Vertebral

Superior Articular Process/Facets

project vertically upward from the articular pillars between the pedicles and the laminae

-sticking up at top two

Inferior Articular Process/Facets

Intervertebral Foramen

opening located between adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve

Vertebral Arch

structure that encloses the nerve cord

Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)

first set of seven bones, forming the neck

Atlas (C1)

supports the head

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"

Dens (odontoid process)

acts as pivot for rotation of atlas and the skull

Transverse Foramen

only found in the cervical vertebrae and allow passage of the vertebral artery, vein, and nerve

Coccyx

the tailbone

Sternum

chest bone

Manubrium of sternum

top of sternum

Body of Sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Xiphoid Process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

Ribs

True vs False vs Floating Ribs

Ribs 1-7 - True ribs - articulate with sternum