Medication Administration PowerPoints

What identifies a drug’s atomic and molecular structure?

Chemical name

What name is assigned by the manufacturer who first develops the drug?

Generic name

What is the name used in official publications, typically the generic?

Official name (monograph)

What is the copyrighted brand name?

Trade name

Give examples of oral drug forms.

Capsule, pill, tablet, extended release, elixir, suspension, syrup

Give examples of topical drug forms.

Liniment, lotion, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch

Give examples of parenteral preparations.

Injectable, infusion, implantation

Which drug preparation is a clear liquid with water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor?

Elixir

What is a suspension?

Finely divided, undissolved particles in a liquid medium

What is a solution?

A drug dissolved in another substance

What is a syrup?

Medication combined with water and sugar solution

How are drugs classified?

By body system effect, chemical composition, or clinical indication/therapeutic action

What does pharmaceutical class refer to?

Mechanism of action (MOA), physiologic effect (PE), chemical structure (CS)

What does therapeutic class refer to?

Clinical indication or therapeutic action (e.g., analgesic, antibiotic, antihypertensive)

What are the four processes of pharmacokinetics?

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

List six factors that affect absorption.

Route of administration, lipid solubility, pH, blood flow, local conditions at site, drug dosage

Define pharmacodynamics.

Process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

What are ways drugs act on the body?

Turn on/off processes, promote/block responses

What happens during a drug–receptor interaction?

Drug interacts with cellular structures to alter function

How else may drugs achieve effects?

Combine with molecules, act on cell membrane, or alter environment

List 6 types of adverse drug reactions.

Side effects, allergic effects (anaphylaxis), drug tolerance, toxic effect, idiosyncratic effect, drug interactions

Name two types of drug interactions.

Antagonistic and synergistic

List factors that affect how drugs act.

Developmental stage, weight, biologic sex, cultural/genetic (ethnopharmacology), psychological factors, pathology, environment, timing of administration

What is the therapeutic range?

Drug concentration that produces desired effect without toxicity

What is the peak level?

Highest plasma concentration

What is the trough level?

Lowest concentration, shows elimination rate

What is the half-life of a drug?

Time for 50% of blood concentration to be eliminated

What is a standing order?

Routine, carried out until canceled

What is a PRN order?

As needed

What is a single/one-time order?

Medication given once only

What is a stat order?

Medication given immediately

What are the required parts of a med order?

Patient name, date/time written, drug name, dosage, route, frequency, prescriber signature

True/False: Pain medications may be given without an order.

False – No medication may be given without a licensed practitioner’s order

List five types of supply systems.

Stock supply, individual unit dose, medication cart, computerized system, BCMA (bar code–enabled cart)

Which system keeps large quantities on the unit?

Stock supply

Convert 1 kilogram → grams.

1,000 g

Convert 1 gram → milligrams.

1,000 mg

Convert 1 milligram → micrograms.

1,000 mcg

Convert 1 liter → milliliters.

1,000 mL (cc)

1.5 grams = ? mg

1,500 mg

What are the three checks for medication administration?

• When reaching for container/unit dose

• After retrieval, before pouring/administration

• Before giving/replacing container

Name the 5 basic rights.

Right medication, patient, dosage, route, time

Name the 5 additional rights.

Right reason, assessment data, documentation, response, education, refusal

What info must be documented for controlled substances?

Patient name, amount, hour, provider, nurse

Name two identifiers.

Name + ID number/record number/DOB

How do you confirm identity?

ID bracelet, eMAR comparison, asking patient to state name

Subcutaneous

adipose tissue

Intramuscular

muscle (ventrogluteal/deltoid recommended; dorsogluteal not recommended)

Intradermal

just under epidermis (sensitivity tests, small dose <0.5 mL, 26–27 gauge, 5–15°)

Intravenous

bloodstream, immediate

Topical routes?

Skin, eye, ear, nasal, vaginal, rectal

Criteria for choosing equipment?

Route, viscosity, quantity, body size, type of medication

Angles of insertion? Intradermal

5–15°

Angles of insertion? Subcutaneous

45–90°

List ways meds come for injection.

Ampules, vials, prefilled syringes, cartridges, reconstituted powders

Angles of insertion? Intramuscular

90°

Can insulins be mixed?

Yes, in one syringe (per rules)

What must be charted after administration?

Drug name/dosage, route/time, administrator’s name, site used, location (topical/transdermal), naris/eye/ear, omitted/refused drugs, errors

Examples of errors?

Wrong patient, wrong dose, wrong route, wrong time, wrong prep, improper technique, deteriorated drug, prescribing errors

What steps after error?

Check patient & observe, notify provider/manager, complete error report

What must be taught to patients?

• How to administer meds

• Take meds as prescribed, full duration

• Do not alter dosage without physician

• Do not share meds