nutrriton final yayayayaya

Macronutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Micronutrients

vitamins and minerals

Phytochemicals

substance's found in plant foods

not nutrients but are beneficial

2.2 pounds equals

1 kg

AMDR

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

recommended intake range for energy containing nutrients

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)

standards for recommended daily intakes that meet needs of 98% of healthy people

AI (Adequate Intake)

assigned when no RDA can be determined; assumes a population's average daily nutrient intakes are adequate

UL (upper limit)

highest level that does not pose any risk or adverse health effect

DV (Daily Value)

recommended daily amount of a nutrient; used on food labels

mostly based on RDA

digestion begins in the

mouth

where most nutrients are digested and absorbed

small intestine

accessory organs

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

liver

makes bile & cholesterol

Glucose

blood sugar; the basic form of energy used by the body

saturated fats

each carbon atom within the chain holds 2 hydrogen atoms

unsaturated fats

one or more carbon atoms within the chain lack 2 hydrogen atoms

molecule has 1 or more double bonds

essential fatty acids

omega 3 and omega 6

Trans fats are

unsaturated fats with at least 1 trans double bond

Hydrogenation

process that creates liquid vegetable oil

LDL

"bad" cholesterol

cholesterol in tissues - may become oxidized and contribute to atherosclerotic plaque

HDL

"good" cholesterol

transports cholesterol away from tissues and to the liver where it can be eliminated

Essential amino acids are

not made by the body

9/20

nonessential amino acids

made by the body

11/20

Protiens are made up of

amino acids

amino acids are connected by

peptide bonds

Sodium AI

1500 mg/d

Protein RDA

0.8g

Protein RDA calculation

weight (kg) x 0.8 g/kg = g/d

Fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

water solube vitamins

B and C

Vitamin A deficiency

night blindness

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency

soft bones

Beriberi

thiamin deficiency

poor muscular coordination, may develop edema

Pellegra

niacin deficiency

the 4 d's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death

Vitamin K shot

Given to newborns at birth because they don't have any gut bacteria so they can't make Vitamin K to prevent hemorrhage

Teratogen

any factor that can cause a birth defect