Cells, Tissues, and the Integumentary System Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes covering cell transport, cellular growth changes, tissue types, body membranes, and integumentary system components.

Passive Transport

Movement of substances across a cell membrane that does not require energy.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Molecule movement across a membrane assisted by a transmembrane carrier molecule.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules from an area with more water to one with less water.

Filtration

The movement of water and solutes across a membrane in response to pressure.

Active Transport

Cellular movement of substances across a membrane requiring energy in the form of ATP.

Active Transport Pumps

Mechanisms that move molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy.

Endocytosis

A cellular transport process involving surrounding and engulfing substances too large to cross the cell membrane.

Pinocytosis

A form of endocytosis involving the ingestion of droplets of water by engulfment.

Atrophy

Decrease in cell size or tissue/organ size.

Hypertrophy

Increase in the size of individual cells.

Hyperplasia

Increase in the number of cells.

Dysplasia

Abnormal changes in cell size, shape, or organization.

Nervous Tissue

Body's communication system consisting of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that transmits electrical signals.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement of body parts, categorized into skeletal, cardiac, and visceral (smooth) muscle.

Epithelial Tissue

Avascular tissue formed of large continuous thin sheets that covers the outer surface of the body and lines inner body cavities to protect, absorb, and secrete.

Connective Tissue

Most abundant tissue type in the body that connects body parts, supports, protects, stores fat, and transports substances.

Areolar Tissue

Loose connective tissue acting as tissue glue located beneath the skin and between muscles.

Adipose Tissue

Subcutaneous loose connective tissue that provides cushioning and insulation.

Reticular Tissue

Loose connective tissue that forms the internal framework of lymphoid organs.

Dense Fibrous Tissue

Binding connective tissue forming tendons, ligaments, capsules, fascia, and skin dermis.

Hyaline Cartilage

Cartilage type that supports and protects located at the ends of long bones, nose, and tracheal rings.

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage that functions as a cushion in intervertebral discs and knee pads.

Elastic Cartilage

Cartilage providing structural framework for the external ear and larynx.

Mucous Membranes

Membranes lining all body cavities that open to the exterior of the body, which secrete mucus.

Cutaneous Membrane

The skin lining the outer surface of the body.

Serous Membranes

Double-layered membranes lining cavities not open to the exterior that secrete thin watery serous fluid for lubrication.

Epidermis

Superficial avascular cutaneous layer composed of 5 thin layers where keratin waterproofs dead cells.

Dermis

Skin layer formed of dense fibrous connective tissue with collagen and elastin, containing blood vessels, nerves, muscle, glands, and hair follicles.

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous layer of loose connective and adipose tissue that insulates the body from environmental temperature changes and anchors skin to underlying tissue.

Keratin

Substance that waterproofs skin cells within the epidermis.

Melanin

Pigment that influences skin and hair color.

Sebaceous Glands

Glands associated with hair follicles that secrete oil (sebum) to lubricate and waterproof hair and skin.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands located in axillary and anogenital areas that produce body odour when sweat is decomposed by bacteria.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands distributed throughout the body that produce odourless sweat to help cool the body.

Lunula

The visible pale area near the base of some nails.

Hypothalamus

Brain structure acting as the body's thermostat to direct responses to increased or decreased body temperature.