The Era of Colonisation

A set of fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the key definitions, figures, dates, and concepts of the Era of Colonisation.

What is the process where one country takes control over another territory and establishes political, economic and social control over it?

Colonisation

What term is defined as the policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence over other countries or territories?

Imperialism

Who are the original inhabitants of a particular land and their descendants?

Indigenous peoples

From which century did European overseas expansion increase significantly?

$$15^{th}$$

What are the three main causes of European exploration that can be remembered as: GOD, GOLD AND GLORY?

The three main causes include God, gold, and glory.

Why did European merchants want access to luxury goods from Asia without relying on existing trade routes?

To avoid dependence on other powers.

What is a relatively small, fast sailing ship used by both Portuguese and Spanish explorers called?

Caravel

What was a navigational tool that helped sailors estimate their latitude by observing celestial objects?

Astrolabe

Which explorer sailed west across the Atlantic in 1492 under the sponsorship of Spain?

Christopher Columbus

Which Portuguese explorer reached India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa?

Vasco da Gama

Who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the Earth beginning in 1519?

Ferdinand Magellan

In 1770, which British explorer mapped large parts of the eastern coastline of Australia?

James Cook

What is the set of European legal and religious ideas used to justify claims to lands inhabited by non-Christian peoples called?

Doctrine of Discovery

What was the name of the papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493 that supported Spanish claims to territories in the Americas?

Inter Caetera

What is the Latin term for "land belonging to no one"?

Terra nullius

On what false legal assumption was British colonisation of Australia based that was formally rejected by the High Court in the Mabo decision of 1992?

Terra nullius

What is the authority of a people or nation to govern themselves and their territory called?

Sovereignty

Who was the Bidjigal man and prominent resistance leader who fought against British settlement around Sydney until he was killed in 1802?

Pemulwuy

What do we call the forced removal of people from their land or the loss of control over their land?

Dispossession

When did the First Fleet arrive at Sydney Cove and establish the British colony of New South Wales?

1788