Ethics Exam 2/3

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

It is illegal to discriminate against any applicant for hire or an employee based on their color, race, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act

Amendment of Title VII that prevents discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or a condition related to pregnancy or childbirth

The Equal Pay Act of 1963

This law requires that men and women in the same workplace be given equal pay for equal work

Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Law making it illegal to discriminate against a qualified applicant or employee who has a disability

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)

Law that protects applicants for hire and employees over the age of 40 from being discriminated against in the workplace based on age

Ethnicity

The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin

Lifestyle

A particular way of living; the way a person lives or a group of people live

Informed Consent

A formal agreement provided after receiving complete and accurate information, including alternative choices and consequences, in an understandable form

Discrimination

The act of making a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than individual merit

Harassment

To annoy continually or chronically

Aftercare

Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling, personal and/or written contact that come after the funeral

Business Ethics

Values related to human conduct as applied to business

Social Media

Forms of electronic communication (as websites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos)

Absolutism

An action is right or wrong because a higher authority of some kind says it is

Confidentiality

To hold certain information in trust and not disclose without proper authorization or authority

Consequentialism

The morality of an action is determined solely by its outcomes or consequences

Embalming

Process of chemically treating human remains to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance

Integrity

Fidelity to moral principles

Relativism

There is no one correct moral standard for all times and all people

Restorative Art

the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

Transfer of Remains

The moving of the dead human body from the place of death to the funeral establishment or other designated place

Transfer Vehicle

The automobile generally used for transporting the uncasketed dead human body from the place of death to the mortuary

What are the key stages of a funeral arrangement?

1. Notification of death

2. Transfer of remains

3. Embalming

4. Arrangement Conference

5. First View (Preview)

6. Visitation

7. Funeral service

8. Funeral procession

9. Committal service

10. Post-funeral service/aftercare

Funeral Practicioner

A person properly licensed and engaged in, making funeral arrangements and supervising final disposition

What are the 5 major roles for funeral practitioners?

1. Caretakers of the dead

2. Caretakers of the living

3. Compassionate advisor

4. Administrator

5. Community leader

What are the responsibilities of funeral practitioners?

1. Make funeral arrangements as meaningful and purposeful as possible

2. Encourage the expression of emotions

3. Understand the social and legal requirements that need to be followed

4. Engage in community education

5. Invent new ways to care/meet the needs of families

6. Maintain a professional approach to the field/practice

Embalmer

A person, properly licensed, who disinfects, preserves, and/or restores a dead human body

What are the duties of embalming?

1. Create a “lasting image” of the deceased

2. Prevent unnecessary exposure of the deceased

3. Regard the deceased as sacred

Funeral Establishment

A facility used in the care and preparation for the funeral and/or final disposition of dead human bodies

What are the types of service options?

1. Vigil

2. Graveside service

3. Traditional funeral service

4. Committal service

5. Memorial service

6. Direct cremation

7. Immediate burial

8. Forwarding/receiving remains

9. Donation

Ethics

The branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions (values of conduct)

Religion

Culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of: sacred beliefs, emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, and overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings

Secular

Shaped independently from religious beliefs

Values

Beliefs held in high esteem

Code of Ethics

A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct

Utilitarianism

The morally right action produces the greatest good for the largest number of people

Deontology

The morality of an action is determined by its motives or in accordance with some rule

Virtue

Emphasizes the development of good character traits, such as courage, honesty, and compassion

Law

A set of rules and regulations created by an authority

Normative ethics

Involves formulating moral standards of conduct

Meta-ethics

Evaluates the meaning of ethical statements and the structure and reasons used at arriving at normative theories

Moral

Refers to the customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless

What are sources of personal ethics?

Culture, religion, community, family, and career

What are sources of professional ethics?

Model Code of Ethics, education and regulation, legal compliance, accountability and enforcement, ethical decision-making models

What are the types of education and ethics in the funeral service profession?

Formal academics, field training, and continuing education

What is Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

Preconventional: morality is about rewards and punishments

Conventional: conformity to cultural expectations

Postconventional: consideration of universal moral principles

What is Gilligan’s theory of moral development?

Preconventional: practice morality for our own survival

Conventional: our morality is based on how we care for each other

Postconventional: our own self needs and decisions that we make are just as important as the decisions and needs of others

Deontology

The morality of an action is determined by its motives or in accordance with some rule

Ethical (Moral)

Conforming to accepted standards of conduct

Golden Rule

A rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions usually phrased, “Do into others as you would have them do unto you.”

Philosophy

The set of values, ideas, and opinions of an individual or group

Situational Ethics

Moral principles that vary with circumstances

Virtue

Behaviors showing high moral standards

Arrangement Conference

The meeting between the funeral practitioner and the client family during which funeral arrangements are discussed, and may refer to a pre-need or at-need situations

Committal Service

The portion of the funeral conducted at the place of dispostion

First Viewing (Preview)

A private time for the family to view the deceased before public visitation begins

Funeral Director

A person properly licensed and engaged in, making funeral arrangements and supervising final disposition

Funeral Service

The rites held at the time of disposition of human remains, with the deceased present

Memorial Service

Funeral rites without the remains present

Transfer of Remains

See the moving of the dead human body from the place of death to the funeral establishment or other designated place

Vigil (Vigil/Wake Service)

A prayer or scripture service usually held at the funeral establishment the evening before the funeral

Visitation (Visiting/Calling Hours)

Time set aside for friends and relatives to pay respect for the deceased prior to the funeral service

Funeral Practicioner

A person who engages in the vocation and profession of providing facilities for the care of deceased human bodies, who helps conduct funeral services, and who, thereafter, sees to the burial or other disposition of such deceased and provides for the needs of the survivor during the period of and after the funeral