Electrodes, Transducers, and Fluid Filled Monitoring Systems
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23 Terms
What is biometrics?
Measurement of physiological variables and parameters
What does it mean for measurement to be obtained passively?
No external energy required for measurement (EKG)
What do we measure using reflection or refraction of light?
Saturation
Hct monitors
What physiological measurement requires application of energy to obtain data?
Pressure tracing
What is a devices’ resolution?
Minimum variation that can be measured
What is linearity of a device?
The degree that variations in the output follow variations in the input
What is hysteresis?
The dependence of a system's output on its current input and its history of past inputs
What is frequency response?
Ratio of output/input amplitude over a range of frequencies of the input pressure
What is accuracy?
Measure of closeness to the true value
What is precision?
Degree of reproducibility of a measurement
What are sources of noise?
Power line frequency, electromagnetic, electrostatic interference from other devices
What are electrodes?
Device able to measure the appropriate bio-potential and send the resultant electronic signal to the signal-conditioning equipment
What is a transducer?
Converts a non-electrical physical force to an analogous electrical signal that is proportional to the value of the original mechanical to electrical conversion
What is resistance of damp human skin?
10 k ohms
What is resistance of dry human skin?
500 k ohms
What are two types of pressure transducers?
Fiber optic
Fluid filled
What type of transducsers are most common?
Fluid filled
What must fluid filled systems go through to be used?
Zeroed
Leveled
Calibrated
How is a fluid filled transducer leveled?
Use phlebostatic axis to equalize catheter tip and transducer
What is a strain gauge?
Type of gauge in pressure transducer that consists of insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil/wire pattern. As the object is deformed the foil deforms due to pressure and changes electrical resistance. Translates mechanical change to electrical resistance
What is a wheatstone bridge?
Electrical circuit measuring the resistance in the strain gauge
What protects patients from electricity in transducer?
Fluid filled bubble dome
Why is gel put on electrodes?
To prevent air from being between skin and electrode