Ch. 22 Book Questions (Lymphatics)(egcoffey)

1) The primary function of the lymphatic system isA) the transport of hormones.B) circulation of nutrients and dissolved gases.C) defending the body against both external and internal threats. D) the production and distribution of plasma proteins.

E) the production and maturation of leukocytes.

C

2) The lymphatic system does all of the following exceptA) helps maintain normal blood volume.B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. D) transports lipids from the digestive tract.

E) fights infection.

B

3) The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except A) lymphatic vessels.B) the venae cavae.C) the spleen.

D) lymph nodes.E) lymph.

B

4) Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they A) have no basement membrane.B) have only a tunica interna.C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles.

D) are smaller in diameter.E) are frequently irregular in shape.

D

5) Lymph nodes do all of the following except A) produce antibodies through B cells.B) monitor the contents of lymph.C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. D) accumulate cancer cells.

E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

E

6) All of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it A) activates B cells.B) reaches its greatest relative size during the second year of life. C) involutes after puberty.

D) produces T cells.E) lies in the anterior mediastinum.

A

7) Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the A) right lymphatic duct.B) thoracic duct.C) cisterna chyli.

D) hepatic portal vein.E) dural sinus.

B

8) The medulla of a lymph node contains ________ lymphocytes and macrophages. A) cytotoxic TB) medullaryC) NK

D) BE) cordal

D

9) ________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. A) TonsilsB) Peyer's patchesC) Lymph nodes

D) Immune complexesE) Spleens

A

10) ________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.A) TonsilsB) Adenoids

C) Peyer's patchesD) Immune complexesE) Lymph glands

C

11) The term lymphadenopathy refers toA) a congenital lack or malformation of lymph nodes. B) a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes. C) accumulations of lymph in the tissue space.D) the lack of lymphocytes in peripheral circulation. E) increased numbers of circulating lymphocytes.

B

12) Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as A) Peyer's patches.B) adenoids.C) white pulp.

D) red pulp.E) lymph nodes.

C

13) Which class of cells is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen? A) T lymphocytesB) macrophagesC) B lymphocytes

D) neutrophilsE) Natural Killer cells

B

14) Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way?A) They contain T lymphocytes and lymphatic tissues do not.B) They are found in the digestive tract and lymphatic tissues are found in the thorax. C) They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not.D) They cannot produce antibodies, whereas lymphatic tissues can.E) They occur throughout the body except in the head.

C

15) T Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except A) the thymus.B) lymphatic nodules.C) lymph node organs.

D) the spleen.E) the brain.

E

16) Lymphatic capillaries are known for all of the following except A) being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation.B) being the smallest lymphatic vessels.C) having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries. D) having shingle-like endothelial cells.

E) allowing nutrient and gas exchange.

E

17) The merging of ________ forms the right lymphatic duct.A) the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks B) the right lumbar, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks C) two great vesselsD) the thoracic and mediastinal ductsE) superior and inferior lymphatic ducts

A

18) Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule. A) sinus regionsB) germinal centerC) cortical layer

D) capsular spaceE) stroma

B

19) Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into A) veins.B) peripheral capillary beds.C) arteries.

D) the kidneys.E) arterioles.

A

20) Which of the following statements about lymph flow in a node is false? A) Lymph enters in an afferent lymphatic.B) Lymph first enters the subcapsular space.C) Lymph flows past dendritic cells.

D) The efferent lymphatic exits at the hilum. E) The afferent lymphatic enters at the hilum.

E

21) Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the A) circulation.B) thymus.C) red bone marrow.

D) spleen.E) yellow marrow.

C

22) T cells develop from stem cells in the A) bone marrow.B) liver.C) spleen.

D) thymus.E) kidneys.

D

23) Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in A) the adult spleen.B) the adult thymus.C) bone marrow.

D) the tonsils.E) Peyer's patches.

A

24) If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number ofA) B lymphocytes.B) NK cells.

C) T cells.D) neutrophils.E) red blood cells.

C

25) The cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the ________ cell. A) BB) TC) plasma

D) noduleE) NK

B

26) The thoracic duct originates from an expanded chamber called the A) thoracic sinus.B) cisterna chyli.C) thoracic trunk.

D) hilum.E) thoracic ventricle.

B

27) The ________ lymphatics leave the lymph node at the hilum. A) ascendingB) lateralC) afferent

D) descendingE) efferent

E

28) Specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals are A) located primarily in the large intestine.B) necessary for the transport of dietary lipids.C) part of the fenestrated capillary group.

D) more numerous than blood capillaries. E) located throughout the body.

B

29) An infection and inflammation of the aggregated lymphatic nodules in the pharynx is called A) laryngitis.B) lymph edema.C) tonsillitis.

D) indigestion.E) lymphosis.

C

30) An accumulation of lymph in a region where lymphatic drainage has been blocked is called A) lymphopenia.B) lymphadenopathy.C) lymphoma.

D) lymphedema.E) lymphosis.

D

31) The primary lymphoid tissues include A) the bone marrow.B) the thymus.C) the bone marrow and thymus.

D) the lymph nodes and tonsils.E) the bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes.

C

32) Which of the following is not a secondary lymphoid tissue or organ? A) spleenB) tonsilsC) MALT

D) thymusE) lymph nodes

D

33) Lymphatic capillaries are not found in A) the digestive system.B) the skin.C) cornea of the eye.

D) skeletal muscles.E) the liver.

C

34) Large lymphatic vessels have a wall structure most similar to which blood vessel? A) veinsB) venulesC) capillaries

D) arteriolesE) arteries

A

35) Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the A) right atrium.B) subclavian veins.C) brachiocephalic trunks.

D) jugular veins.E) superior and inferior vena cava.

B

36) The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is A) appendix.B) tonsils.C) adenoids.

D) lymph nodes.E) thymus.

D

37) The blood-thymus barrier is made up of A) immature T cells.B) mature T cells.C) macrophages.

D) plasma cells.E) epithelial reticular cells.

E

43) A substance that provokes an immune response is called an A) immunoglobulin.B) antihistamine.C) antibody.

D) antigen.E) allopath.

D

44) In general, lymphocytesA) spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue.B) have relatively short life spans.C) have two nuclei.D) are produced and mature only in red bone marrow. E) are located primarily in the blood stream.

A

45) The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells. A) dendriticB) plasmaC) helper T

D) cytotoxic TE) suppressor T

D

46) The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells. A) NKB) BC) helper T

D) cytotoxic TE) suppressor T

B

47) Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells. A) plasmaB) BC) helper T

D) cytotoxic TE) suppressor T

D

48) LymphocytesA) are actively phagocytic.B) destroy red blood cells.C) respond to antigens.D) are primarily found in red bone marrow. E) decrease in number during infection.

C

49) The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells. A) NKB) plasmaC) helper T

D) thymusE) liver

B

50) Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the A) red bone marrow.B) liver.C) spleen.

D) thymus.E) kidneys.

A

51) T is to ________ as B is to ________. A) top-located; bottom-locatedB) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived C) thyroid-drawn; bowel-developed

D) non-thymus-dependent; bottom-located E) trabeculae-descended; bursa-origin

B

52) Which of the following is not a lymphocyte? A) NK cellsB) plasma cellsC) memory T cells

D) macrophagesE) suppressor T cells

D

53) Sally has a tumor. In an effort to fight the cancerous cells her body increases the production ofA) neutrophils.B) NK cells.

C) suppressor T cells. D) memory B cells. E) plasma cells.

B

54) The body's innate defenses include all of the following except A) the skin.B) complement.C) interferon.

D) inflammation.E) antibodies.

E

55) Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except A) body hair.B) epithelium.C) secretions.

D) complement.E) basement membranes.

D

56) An inflammatory response is triggered when A) red blood cells release pyrogens.B) T cells release interferon.C) mast cells release histamine and heparin.

D) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. E) blood flow to an area increases.

C

57) The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would A) cause inflammation.B) produce a fever.C) activate complement.

D) opsonize pathogens.E) activate antibodies.

B

58) Microphages include A) monocytes.B) Kupffer cells.C) neutrophils.

D) eosinophils.E) both neutrophils and eosinophils.

E

59) Various types of macrophages are derived from A) lymphocytes.B) monocytes.C) neutrophils.

D) eosinophils.E) basophils.

B

60) Plasma contains ________ special proteins that form the complement system. A) about 3B) exactly 10C) roughly 18

D) exactly 25E) more than 30

E

61) Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation exceptA) redness of the inflamed tissue.B) chemotaxis of phagocytes.

C) heat of the inflamed tissue.D) movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. E) swelling of the inflamed tissue.

B

62) Leslie has a severe sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate thatA) the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes.B) lymph is not flowing consistently through these lymph nodes.

C) the lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes. D) the lymph nodes are actively producing phagocytes.E) the lymph nodes have increased their secretion of thymosin.

C

63) A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John A) is feeling achy.B) is producing T lymphocytes.C) has a sore throat.

D) is running a fever.E) has swollen lymph nodes.

D

64) The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except A) destruction of target cell plasma membranes.B) stimulation of inflammation.C) inhibition of the immune response.

D) opsonization.E) chemotaxis.

C

65) The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to A) the cell wall of bacteria.B) the plasma membrane of bacteria.C) two antibodies attached to an antigen.

D) a cell surface antigen.E) a plasma protein.

C

66) The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. A) NKB) plasmaC) B

D) helper TE) suppressor T

A

67) The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the A) T cells.B) B cells.C) NK cells.

D) phagocytes.E) plasma cells.

D

68) The phagocytic antigen-presenting cells belong to the ________ group. A) tumor-suppressingB) complementC) interferon

D) monocyte-macrophageE) lymphatic

D

69) Fixed macrophages that are found in the central nervous system are called A) astrocytes.B) oligodendrocytes.C) microglia.

D) Kupffer cells.E) ventricular macrophages.

C

70) ________ are fixed macrophages found in the liver. A) AstrocytesB) OligodendrocytesC) Microglia

D) Kupffer cellsE) Ventricular macrophages

D

71) Free phagocytes found in the air sacs of the lungs are called A) alveolar macrophages.B) histiocytes.C) Kupffer cells.

D) pleurocytes.E) microglia.

A

72) The movement of phagocytes through the capillary wall is called A) chemotaxis.B) diapedesis.C) adherens.

D) transcytosis.E) diffusion.

B

73) The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called A) polarity.B) diapedesis.C) cytotoxicity.

D) infection.E) chemotaxis.

E

74) Cytokines that make a cell and its neighbors resistant to virus infection are called A) complement.B) interferons.C) interleukins.

D) immunoglobulins.E) transferrins.

B

75) An important protein in the activation of the alternative pathway of complement activation is A) properdin.B) interferon.C) histamine.

D) fibrin.E) C1.

A

76) NK cells use ________ to lyse abnormal cells. A) pyrogenB) perforinC) interferon

D) complementE) phagocytosis

B

77) Place the following steps of NK cell killing in order. 1. Secretion of perforin2. Realignment of Golgi apparatus3. Lysis of abnormal cell

4. Recognition and adhesion A) 4, 2, 1, 3B) 2, 1, 4, 3C) 4, 1, 2, 3

D) 1, 2, 4, 3E) 1, 4, 3, 2

A

78) Cancer cells can be detected by NK cells when they show A) interferons.B) complement proteins.C) tumor-specific antigens.

D) opsonization.E) CD4 markers.

C

79) InterferonsA) prevent viruses from leaving a cell.B) prevent viruses from entering a cell.C) bind to viruses and destroy them.D) interfere with viral replication.E) reduce macrophage chemotaxis to the infection.

D

80) The complement system works closely with and complements the action of A) interferons.B) antibodies.C) pyrogens.

D) phagocytes.E) microphages.

B

81) The end result of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation is A) an increase in pyrogen release.B) release of histamine.C) activated C3B attached to the cell wall.

D) C1 bound to two antibodies.E) activation of properdin.

C

82) Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. A) activeB) natural passiveC) passive

D) autoE) innate

E

83) Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of the following chemical weapons? A) secrete strong acidB) secrete organic solventC) secrete free radicals

D) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosisE) secrete mutant proteins that get incorporated into the target's DNA

D

84) All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except A) versatility.B) tolerance.C) memory.

D) specificity.E) present at birth.

E

85) Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by A) innate immunity.B) adaptive immunity.C) immunological surveillance.

D) skin defenses.E) fever.

B

86) Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.A) naturally acquired activeB) naturally acquired passive

C) artificially acquired active D) artificially acquired passive E) innate

A

87) Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.A) naturally acquired activeB) naturally acquired passive

C) artificially acquired active D) artificially acquired passive E) innate

B

88) In passive immunity, theA) immune system attacks normal body cells.B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen.C) body receives antibodies produced by other humans.D) body receives antibodies produced by an animal.E) body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal.

E

89) In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example ofA) innate immunity.

B) active immunization. C) passive immunization. D) natural immunity.E) alloimmunity.

C

90) Hormones of the immune system include all of the following except A) interleukins.B) interferons.C) natriuretic factor.

D) thymosins.E) tumor necrosis factor.

C

91) ________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time.A) SecondaryB) Primary

C) MemoryD) ResponderE) Transponder

C

92) ________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen. A) ImmunityB) MemoryC) Adaptation

D) ToleranceE) Versatility

D

93) Frank was bitten by a rattlesnake and received anti-venom containing neutralizing antibodies. Frank received ________ immunity and he ________ long-term immunity as a result. A) naturally acquired passive immunity; will haveB) artificially acquired passive immunity; will not haveC) artificially acquired passive immunity; will haveD) naturally acquired active immunity; will haveE) naturally acquired active immunity; will not have

B

94) T cells and B cells destroy one antigen without affecting other antigens or normal tissues, this is termedA) memory.B) versatility.

C) tolerance.D) specificity.E) antigen processing.

D

95) Interleukins do all of the following exceptA) increase T-cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membranes. B) stimulate B-cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production. C) stimulate inflammation.D) elevate body temperature.E) stimulate collagen synthesis.

E

96) The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response. What is the correct sequence for these steps?1. Several cycles of mitosis occur.2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.

3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen.5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells. 6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.A) 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2B) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6C) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6D) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6E) 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2

B

97) Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells. A) BB) plasmaC) helper T

D) cytotoxic TE) NK

C

98) Suppressor T cells act toA) suppress antigens.B) erase memory T cells.C) limit antigen proliferation.D) inhibit T and B cell activities.E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.

D

99) When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell. A) BB) plasmaC) helper T

D) cytotoxic TE) NK

D

100) Class II MHC molecules are found on which of the following? A) all body cells with a nucleusB) red blood cellsC) granulocytes and microphages

D) lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells E) liver cells and macrophages in the spleen

D

101) When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell. A) plasmaB) helper TC) NK

D) suppressor TE) cytotoxic T

B

102) Helper T cells do all of the following exceptA) trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production. B) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.C) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells.D) attract macrophages to the affected area.E) enhance nonspecific defenses.

B

103) T cells and B cells can be activated only byA) pathogens.B) interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors.C) cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells.D) exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane. E) disease-causing agents.

D

104) In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must A) be phagocytized by the lymphocyte.B) enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte.C) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte.

D) bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface. E) depolarize the lymphocyte.

D

105) CD8 markers are to ________ T cells as CD4 markers are to ________ T cells. A) suppressor; cytoxicB) cytoxic; helperC) helper; suppressor

D) NK; cytoxicE) plasma; NK

B