AP Psychology Semester 1 Final (Seminar Review)

Example of applied research

Using psych concepts to elevate student performance

Which of the following professionals need a medical degree?

Psychiatrist

Which psychological principle best explains why studying an hour a day for a week is more effective than one seven hour session?

Distributive practice

What was the main difference between the psychological thinking of Wundt vs others?

Wundt was the first to establish a lab

The study of the importance of satisfying love and acceptance is aligned with which school?

Humanistic

Somebody writes an article about the schools new laptop policy and wants to survey students through random sampling, which is the best example of random sampling?

Pulling students names from a box

Which of the following best represents naturalistic observation?

LOJ students interacting during the break

Which of the following is an example of positive correlation?

Less books, less empathy

When a distribution of scores is skewed, which measure is most representative?

Median

Which of the following is not an ethical principle regarding experiments on humans?

Participants should know the hypothesis

A scientist's willingness to admit they’re wrong

Humility

If you were going on a camping trip and it snowed and realized you forgot to bring snow gear, and you say “wow i knew we should’ve packed snow shoes”, what is this called?

Hindsight bias

Which of the following measures can be located on a graph of skewed distribution with no calculations?

Mode

If a researcher was trying to describe how close an ap lit score was to the average score, what is this?

Standard deviation

There is a negative correlation between social media use and grades, what can you conclude from this research?

Less time on social media, higher grades

Researchers use precise operational definitions when

They want to replicate the experiment

If the amygdala of a Rhesus monkey is surgically lesioned, what might be the impact on the monkey’s behavior?

Less aggressive

Damage to hippocampus would most likely impact

Memory

Which of the following refers to the effect of life experience that leaves a molecular mark that affects gene expression

Epigenetic

How would you describe the peripheral nervous system?

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system and the rest of the body

What is one of the primary purposes of the myelin sheath?

Encases the axons

If somebody stimulated your somatosensory cortex what would be a possible false sensation you may experience?

Someone is tickling you

What is the name of the brief electrical charge traveling down the axon?

Action potential

Which neurotransmitter is most likely in short supply if someone does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost their appetite, and feels tired for most of the day?

Serotonin

Function of left hemisphere

Speech

Opiate drugs like morphine are classified as

Agonists

During which task might the right hemisphere of the brain be most active?

Imagining what someone looks like

Which of the following scanning techniques measure glucose consumption?

PET scan

Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of sensory cortex devoted to it?

The face

Hypothalamus is what center of the brain

Reward center

You are aware that an animal is viciously growling at you, but you are not aware of the type of animal. Later, you are able to describe the type and color of the animal. The ability to process information without conscious awareness best exemplifies?

Dual processing

A neurochemical associated predominantly with learning and memory

Acetylcholine

Which of the following is referred to as the brains train hub

Thalamus

What part of our brain system includes emotion, motivation, and memory?

Limbic system

What principle states that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum percentage rather than a constant amount?

Weber's law

How would you describe top down processing?

Experience, expectation

What is the name for the measurement between one wave peak to the next?

Wavelength

Light’s ___ is the distance from one wave peak to the next. This dimension determines the __ we experience

Wavelength, hue

Signal detection theory is most closely associated with

Absolute threshold

What reflects the notion that pitch is related to the number of impulses traveling up the auditory nerve in a unit of time?

Frequency theory

When you go to the movies you see smooth continuous motion. What is this called?

Stroboscopic movement

What do we call the conversion of stimulus energy, like sight and sound, into neural impulse?

Transduction

Which theory best explains reverse color afterimage

Opponent process theory

If you get cold and adjust the gas valve on the fireplace until it feels slightly warmer what is that change an example of?

Difference threshold

Two people are dancing and it’s easy to see them against the dance floor because of what?

Figure ground

What is one of the important outputs of the pineal gland?

Release of melatonin

Increasing amounts of paradoxical sleep following a period of sleep deprivation is known as

REM rebound

Psychologists who study the brain’s activity during sleep are most likely to use which technology?

EEG

What term did Ernest Hilgard use to describe the split between levels of consciousness?

Dissociation

___ waves occurred during the ___ stage of sleep

K complex wave, Non REM 2

List of 3 component parts of brain that help circuit circadian rhythms

Pineal gland, photoreceptors, hypothalamus

If somebody is teaching about learning and everytime they snap their fingers a student turns off the light, but when another student snaps their fingers they don’t turn the light off, what can best describe why this occurs?

Discrimination

What is a desire to perform a behavior?

Extrinsic motivation

If you prepare for a final exam in order to avoid bad feelings with previous low grades on tests, this behavior is being strengthened due to what reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement

Which of the following would best define a relatively permanent change of behavior due to experience?

Learning

What is shaping?

Incremental reward system to get to a final goal

What do we call the kind of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer?

Operant conditioning

Which of these two examples would show generalization?

A rabbit blinks to a tone and also blinks when a similar tone is sounded

What did Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner consider to be an important factor in classical conditioning?

Cognitive factors

In the Bobo Doll experiment, children are likely to imitate the behavior of who?

Adults

What do you call it when the CR decreases and the CS is repeatedly presented alone?

Extinction

What is one of the principal functions of a mirror neuron?

Observational learning

The perception that we control our own fate

Internal locus of control

Classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus

Naturally triggers response

Classical and operant conditioning are based on which psychological perspective?

Behaviorist

The basic idea behind classical conditioning is that an organism does what?

Associating events

What does law of effect state?

Rewarded behavior is more likely to occur again

What is taste aversion? What is it rooted in?

Not liking the taste, universal survival mechanism

In order to get more audience participation, a radio offers prizes when they call into the show, what can this be described as?

Variable ratio

Checking your phone every few minutes can be described as

Fixed interval

A cat used to run away from music, overtime stopped running away from sound, what can this be described as?

Habituation

Which example would be an example of representativeness heuristic?

Decide that a new student in school is a basketball player because he’s tall

What concept best describes why people underestimate the time it takes to study for a test?

Overconfidence

Difficulty many people have can best be explained by what?

Encoding

What is the serial position effect?

Remembering first and last digits of something

Serial position effect example

Somebody unable to remember the middle terms in a list of vocabulary words

Basketball players could remember the main points of their coach’s halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information

Semantic memory

Which example describes long term potentiation?

Changes in synapses allow for more efficient transfer of information

In legal cases, Elizabeth Loftus’ research on the misinformation effect is associated with what theory?

Misinformation effect, memory of eyewitness testimony not considered valid

When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pasues after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?

Chunking

People are more concerned about medical procedures when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern?

Framing

The following statements regard the role of amygdala in memory

Any answer regarding the term emotion

Vital to the formation of new emotional memories

Which of these two examples would be the best at showing implicit memory?

While you’re riding your bike, you sing your favorite song

You are more likely to remember psychology information in your psychology class due to what?

Context effects

What does the magical number seven plus or minus two refer to?

Capacity of short term memory

Benjamin Lee Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language

Language influences thinking

Which of the following types of information is not likely to be automatically processed

New

According to Noam Chomsky, what is the most essential environmental stimulus necessary for language acquisition?

Exposure in early childhood

When they were 7 years of age they had a babysitter from china, during that time they learned to speak a little bit of chinese. They picked up on the language faster than their classmates, why is this?

Implicit memory

Which of the following would be an accurate conclusion based on Hermann Ebbinghaus’ research?

Most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off

Sterneberg had different components that contributed to creativity, which of the following is not a contributing factor?

High intellect

Which phrase best describes the concept of phonemes?

Units of sound

The words “chair’ "freedom " and "ball " are all examples of what?

Concepts

Using a mathematical formula to find a solution to a problem is an example of what?

Algorithm

When you hear a different language, what is the emotion people can most readily detect?

Anger

Which theory explains that physiological needs create an aroused state that motivates an organism to lower the need?

Drive reduction theory

What term refers to the ability of the body’s physiological processes to maintain a balanced or constant internal state?

Homeostasis

After an alarming event, temp, blood pressure, and respiration are high and you have an outpouring of hormones. Seley would most likely guess that you are in what phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Resistance

Stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from what?

Adrenal glands

Attempts to control social behavior using punishing effects of isolation is an example of what?

Ostracism (cancelling)