Studied by 2 people
intensive agriculture
less land, more labor, located closer to large pop. centers
types of intensive agriculture
plantation agriculture, mixed crop & livestock, market gardening
plantation agriculture (intensive)
periphery countries, former colonies, tropical climates, cash crops, run by companies in economically developed areas to export to core countries, coffee/sugar/tobacco/tea
mixed crop & livestock (intensive)
economically developed countries, crops are grown to feed livestock (corn/soybeans), livestock is then slaughtered and sent to market
market gardening
areas that have longer growing seasons (southeastern us), fresh fruits/vegetables, migrant labor, frozen/canned/processed then shipped out to market
extensive agriculture
use less labor and capital, require more land, lower yield, grown further away from population
extensive agriculture examples
shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, ranching
shifting cultivation location
tropical climates, latin america, sub-saharan africa, southeast asia
shifting cultivation (extensive)
tropical climates, crops are planting continuously until land loses fertility, land is then left to fallow
nomadic herding location
central/southwest asia, northern africa
nomadic herding (extensive)
land is too dry in area to grow crops, herders move with animals (cattle, sheep, goats)
ranching
located where land isnt ideal for farming, ranchers raise cattle far away from population centers,
long lot
narrow parcel of land that connects to a river/major road
metes and bounds
metes are straight lines that connect different parts of geo area, bounds are key geo features which define an area, used in us east coast cus europeans
township and range
grid pattern, base line, township goes north to south, range goes west to east
fertile crescent
located between euphrates and tigris river
first agricultural/neolithic revolution
fertile crescent, nomadic to sedentary lifestyle, stable population formed, society advanced, wheats/oats/barley
sub-saharan africa diffused
yams, coffee, sorghum
5 agricultural hearths
sub-saharan africa, central america, east asia, southeast asia, fertile crescent
central america diffused
maize, potatoes, squash, peppers
east asia diffused
rice, soybeans
southeast asia diffused
mangos, coconuts
columbian exchange
transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between old and new world
silk road
network of trade routes that connected china + Mediterranean, spread crops, inventions, and agricultural practices
british east india company
traded throughout the world, spread crops/animals/technologies/plants
second agricultural revolution
great britain, coincided with industrial revolution, lead to increased food production cus machinery, better diet, longer life, more people moved to cities + worked in factories
green revolution
gmos, higher yields, pesticides/herbicides/fertilizers, hybrid plants, decline of family farms, animal rights concerns
bid-rent theory
the price of land will decrease the further away you are from the city
mono-cropping
practice of cultivating the same crop every year, risks soil depletion cus no crop rotation
mono-culture
practice of cultivating one crop at a given time
commodity chain
all the different activities/processes that go into producing a product
economies of scale
cost advantages gained by an increased level of production. as countries agree to produce more of a good, the revenue received from selling that good is bound to increase.
von thunnen model assumptions
all land is flat, there is one market, all land has equal access to the market, farmers want to maximize profit, all land has similar site characters
von thunnen rings
market, dairy farming/horticulture, forest, grains/field crops, livestock
commodity dependence
a country which has more than 60% of its total exports made up of just commodities
commercial grain farming (extensive)
crops are grown primarily for human consumption. farms sell their output to manufacturers of food products, such as breakfast cereals and bread.
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