AP Human Geography Unit 5

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intensive agriculture

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36 Terms

1

intensive agriculture

less land, more labor, located closer to large pop. centers

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2

types of intensive agriculture

plantation agriculture, mixed crop & livestock, market gardening

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3

plantation agriculture (intensive)

periphery countries, former colonies, tropical climates, cash crops, run by companies in economically developed areas to export to core countries, coffee/sugar/tobacco/tea

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4

mixed crop & livestock (intensive)

economically developed countries, crops are grown to feed livestock (corn/soybeans), livestock is then slaughtered and sent to market

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5

market gardening

areas that have longer growing seasons (southeastern us), fresh fruits/vegetables, migrant labor, frozen/canned/processed then shipped out to market

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6

extensive agriculture

use less labor and capital, require more land, lower yield, grown further away from population

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7

extensive agriculture examples

shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, ranching

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8

shifting cultivation location

tropical climates, latin america, sub-saharan africa, southeast asia

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9

shifting cultivation (extensive)

tropical climates, crops are planting continuously until land loses fertility, land is then left to fallow

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10

nomadic herding location

central/southwest asia, northern africa

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11

nomadic herding (extensive)

land is too dry in area to grow crops, herders move with animals (cattle, sheep, goats)

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12

ranching

located where land isnt ideal for farming, ranchers raise cattle far away from population centers,

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13

long lot

narrow parcel of land that connects to a river/major road

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14

metes and bounds

metes are straight lines that connect different parts of geo area, bounds are key geo features which define an area, used in us east coast cus europeans

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15

township and range

grid pattern, base line, township goes north to south, range goes west to east

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16

fertile crescent

located between euphrates and tigris river

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17

first agricultural/neolithic revolution

fertile crescent, nomadic to sedentary lifestyle, stable population formed, society advanced, wheats/oats/barley

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18

sub-saharan africa diffused

yams, coffee, sorghum

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19

5 agricultural hearths

sub-saharan africa, central america, east asia, southeast asia, fertile crescent

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20

central america diffused

maize, potatoes, squash, peppers

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21

east asia diffused

rice, soybeans

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22

southeast asia diffused

mangos, coconuts

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23

columbian exchange

transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between old and new world

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24

silk road

network of trade routes that connected china + Mediterranean, spread crops, inventions, and agricultural practices

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25

british east india company

traded throughout the world, spread crops/animals/technologies/plants

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26

second agricultural revolution

great britain, coincided with industrial revolution, lead to increased food production cus machinery, better diet, longer life, more people moved to cities + worked in factories

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27

green revolution

gmos, higher yields, pesticides/herbicides/fertilizers, hybrid plants, decline of family farms, animal rights concerns

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28

bid-rent theory

the price of land will decrease the further away you are from the city

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29

mono-cropping

practice of cultivating the same crop every year, risks soil depletion cus no crop rotation

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30

mono-culture

practice of cultivating one crop at a given time

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31

commodity chain

all the different activities/processes that go into producing a product

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32

economies of scale

cost advantages gained by an increased level of production. as countries agree to produce more of a good, the revenue received from selling that good is bound to increase.

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33

von thunnen model assumptions

all land is flat, there is one market, all land has equal access to the market, farmers want to maximize profit, all land has similar site characters

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34

von thunnen rings

market, dairy farming/horticulture, forest, grains/field crops, livestock

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35

commodity dependence

a country which has more than 60% of its total exports made up of just commodities

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36

commercial grain farming (extensive)

crops are grown primarily for human consumption. farms sell their output to manufacturers of food products, such as breakfast cereals and bread.

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