Chapter 25: Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Clostridium difficile

________- associated diarrhea is a disease condition that has appeared in recent decades and has been described as being responsible for more deaths than all other intestinal infections combined.

Mumps

________ typically begins with painful swelling of one or both parotid glands 16 to 18 days after exposure to the virus.

Whipworm infestations

________, known as trichuriasis, are widespread in tropical areas of the world, especially Asia.

Cryptosporidiosis

________ is caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium.

serious gastrointestinal diseases

The causative agent of cholera, one of the most ________, is Vibrio cholerae, a slightly curved, gramnegative rod with a single polar flagellum.

diarrhea

Severe ________ accompanied by blood or mucus is called dysentery.

G intestinalis

________ is the cause of giardiasis, a prolonged diarrheal disease.

Paneth

The small intestine also contains important antimicrobial defenses, most significantly, millions of specialized, granules filled cells called ________ cells.

Hepatitis

________ is an inflammation of the liver.

infection

A(n) ________ occurs when a pathogen enters the GI tract and multiplies.

salmonellae

All ________ are considered pathogenic to some degree, causing salmonellosis, or ________ gastroenteritis.

Hookworm infections

________ were once a very common parasitic disease in the southeastern states.

Aflatoxin poisoning

________ can cause serious damage to livestock when their feed is contaminated with A. flavus.

Taeniasis

________ develops when the adult tapeworm infects the human intestine.

HBV

________ and HAV are completely different viruses: ________ is larger, its genome is double- stranded DNA, and it is enveloped.

M

________ (microfold) cells translocate antigens and microorganisms to the other side of the epithelium where they can contact lymphoid tissues (Peyers patches) to initiate an immune response.

acid production

Localized ________ within deposits of dental plaque results in a gradual softening of the external enamel.

Enteroaggregative E coli

________ (EAEC) is a group of coliforms found only in humans.

Enteropathogenic E coli

________ (EPEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and is potentially fatal in infants.

mouth

In the ________, each milliliter of saliva can contain millions of bacteria.

ulcerative gingivitis

Acute necrotizing ________, also termed Vincents disease or trench mouth, is one of the more common serious mouth infections.

digestive system

The ________ is essentially a tubelike structure, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or alimentary canal- mainly the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus (food tube leading to the stomach), stomach, and the small and large intestines.

Amebic dysentery

________, or amebiasis, is spread mostly by food or water contaminated by cysts of the protozoan ameba Entamoeba histolytica.

general term gastroenteritis

The ________ is applied to diseases causing inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa.

Gingivitis

________ can progress to a chronic condition called periodontitis, an insidious condition that generally causes little discomfort.

Bacteria

________ heavily populate most of the digestive system.

HBV and HAV are completely different viruses

HBV is larger, its genome is double-stranded DNA, and it is enveloped