Kinetic Molecular Theory Chp10

chemical property

participates in a chemical reaction

physical property

doesn’t involve chemical change (density, color, hardness ect)

perfectly elastic collision

no net loss of total kinetic energy

kinetic molecular theory (KMT)

1. made of tiny particles

2. always in constant motion

3. perfectly elastic collisions

properties of a gas

1. no shape/volume

2. move rapidly in random directions

3. no significant attraction to one another

high rate of expansion

high temp. speed, and/or energy cause

perefectly alastic collisions..

allow for complete expansion

fluidity

gas particles easily glide past one another

density

how closely packed the particles are

why is gas less dense

it has a larger volume

why do gases take up so much volume?

molecules are as far apart as possible

compressibility

a gas that is initially very far apart can be crowded close together

diffusion

spontaneous mixing of particles of two substances by random motion

gases move randomly

why is gas spontaneous

1. constantly moving

2. randomly moving

why are there collisions between pas particles?

effusion

process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

pressure

force per unit area of surface

PRESSURE

temperature speed and energy effect…

ideal gas

hypothetical gas that fits perfectly in all assumptions of KMT

1. dont stick together

2. bounce apart

when particles collide they…

Fluid

Substance that can flow and therefore take shape of the container

Surface tension

A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of liquid to the surface of a solid

Capillary action

Attraction of the surface area of a liquid to the surface of a solid

Vaporization

Liquid/solid - gas

Evaporation

Non-boiling liquid - gas

Solidification/Freezing

Physical change of a liquid to a solid by removing energy

Diffusion through liquid

Diffuse through anything it can dissolve in

Amorphous Solid

Particles arranged randomly

Crystalline solid

Particles arranged in an order

Melting

Solid - liquid

Supercooled Liquids

Substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperature when they appear solid

Solids

Incompressible and very little diffusion

Crystal lattice

Arrangement of particles by a coordinate system

Unit cell

Smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3D pattern of the entire lattice

Sublimation

Solid - gas

Deposition

Gas - solid

Evaporation

Liquid - gas

Equilibrium

Dynamic condition in which 2 opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

Water is

Polar, colorless, no smell, transparent, universal solvent, freezes at 0C, boils at 100C, no taste

Standard pressure

1ATM

Standard temperature

0C

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given point

Real gas

Gas that doesn’t behave completely according to the assumptions of the KMT

how are real gases different

1- occupy space

2- Exert attractive forces to one another