Studied by 0 people
key words and phrases from chapter 5 of the textbook what is psychology? Pastorino and doyle-portillo
motive
a tendency to desire and seek out positive incentives or rewards and to avoid negative outcomes
instincts
innate impulses from within a person that direct or motivate behavior
drive reduction theories
theories of motivation that propose that propose seek to reduce internal levels of drive
drive
an uncomfortable internal state that motivates us to reduce this discomfort through our behavior
primary drives
drives that motivate us to maintain homeostasis in certain biological processes in the body
homeostasis
an internal state of equilibrium in the body
negative feedback loop
a system of feedback in the body that monitors and adjusts our motivation level so as to maintain homeostases
secondary drives
learned drives that are not directly related to biological needs
self determination theory
a theory of motivation that proposes that as we pursue the fulfillment of the of basic needs, we experience different types of motivation that come from both the self and the outside word
incentives
goals or desires that we are motivated to fulfill
intrinsic motivation
motivation that comes from within the person
extrinsic motivation
motivation that comes from outside the person
hierarchy of needs
Maslows theory that humans are motivated by different needs, some of which take precedence over others
maslows hierarchy of needs, most immediate to highest
physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, self actualization needs, transcendence
set point
a particular weight that our body seeks to maintain
ghrelin
a hunger stimulating hormone produced by the stomach
glucose
the form of sugar that the body burns as fuel
glycogen
a starchy molecule that is produced from excess glucose in the body, it can be thought of as the bodys stored energy reserves
insulin
a hormone produced by the pancreas that facilitates the movement of glucose from the blood into the cells of the body
cholecystokinin
a hormone released by the small intestines that plays a role in hunger regulation
leptin
a hormone released by fat cells in the body that plays a role in hunger regulation
lateral hypothalamus (lh)
a region go the hypothalamus once thought to be the hunger center in the brain
neuropeptide y
a powerful hunger stimulant
ventromedial hypothalamus (vmh)
a region if the hypothalamus that plays an indirect role in creating a feeling of satiety
overweight
having a body mass index of 25-29.9; (bear in mind bmi is absolute 💩 that doesnt account for fat distribution, muscle mass, non white people, non men, etc. and is NOT an indication of health!! ❤ the creator of these flashcards)
obesity
having a body mass index of 30 or over; (bear in mind bmi is absolute 💩 that doesnt account for fat distribution, muscle mass, non white people, non men, etc. and is NOT an indication of health!! ❤ the creator of these flashcards)
resting metabolic rate
the rate at which we burn energy in our bodies when resting
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person alternately binges on large quantities of food and then engages in some inappropriate compensatory behavior to avoid weight gain
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person has an intense fear of gaining weight, even though they are actually underweight, this irrational fear motivates the person to lose unhealthy amounts of weight through self starvation
binge eating disorder (bed)
an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, as in bulimia nervosa, but without regular use of compensatory measures to avoid weight gain
sexual desire
ones motivation and interest in engaging in sexual activity
sexual arousal
a heightened state of sexual interest and excitement
libido
ones physical desire, or drive, to have sex
estrus
in most mammals, a period of ‘being in heat’ in which the female is receptive to males attempts to mate with her
ovaries
the organs in a females body that produce ova (eggs)
testosterone
a male hormone that plays a role in many aspects of sexuality, including sexual desire
testes
the organs in a makes body that produce both sperm and testosterone
erogenous zones
areas of the skin that sensitive to touch
excitement phase
the first stage of the sexual response cycle, in which males get erections and females produce vaginal lubrication
plateau phase
the second stage of the sexual response cycle, in which excitement peaks
orgasm phase
the third stage of the sexual response cycle, in which the pelvic and anal muscles contract
resolution phase
the final stage of the sexual response cycle, in which the body returns to homeostasis
refractory period (sexuality)
a time during the resolution phase in which males are incapable of experiencing another orgasm or ejaculation
sexual orientation
ones sexual attraction for members of the same and/or other sex
heterosexuals
people who are sexually attracted only to members of the other sex
homosexuals
people who are sexually attracted only to members of the same sex
bisexuals
people who are attracted to members of both sexes
homophobia
prejudicial attitudes against homosexuals and homosexuality
emotion
a complex reaction to some internal or external event that involves physiological reactions, behavioral reactions, facial expressions, cognition, and affective responses
affective component of emotion
the subjective experience of what you are feeling during the emotion
james lange theory
a theory of emotion that defines an emotion as a unique pattern of physiological arousal
cannon bard theory
a theory of emotion that states that emotions originate in the brain not the body
facial feedback hypothesis
a theory that states that our emotional state is affected by the feedback our brain gets from facial muscles
two factor theory of emotion
a theory that states that emotions result when we cognitively interpret our physiological reactions in light of the situation
cognitive meditational theory
a theory of emotion that states that our cognitive appraisal of a situation determines what emotion we will feel in the situation
mere exposure effect
the idea that the more one is exposed to something, the more one grows to like it
basic emotions
a proposed set of innate emotions that are common to all humans and from which other higher order emotions may derive
display rules
cultural rules governing when it is and isnt appropriate to display certain emotions
what did William James believe about motives?
they tend to be inborn instincts
what plays a role in shutting hunger off and on?
liver cells, hormones, fat cells, and glucoreceptors in the hypothalamus
Note 
Flashcard (29)