7.4-7.9

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to 1939, caused by the stock market crash and agricultural overproduction.

Keynesian Economics

An economic theory proposed by John Maynard Keynes, suggesting that government spending can stimulate economic recovery, often through deficit spending.

Balfour Declaration (1917)

A statement by the British government promising to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine, leading to future conflicts.

Amritsar Massacre (1919)

A tragic event where British troops killed hundreds of Indian protesters, radicalizing the independence movement in India.

Rise of Fascism

The political ideology that arose in the early 20th century, characterized by dictatorial power, extreme nationalism, and suppression of opposition.

Appeasement

A diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to aggressive powers, notably Britain's and France's approach toward Hitler.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort, including mobilizing civilians.

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

Antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany that stripped Jews of their citizenship and rights.

Operation Barbarossa

The code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, launched in 1941.

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II, marked by ideological conflict and proxy wars.