Class 2 Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism

Social Identity Theory

This theory suggests that people derive part of their self-concept from group membership

Self-categorization theory

explains how people perceive themselves and others as members of groups rather than just individuals

Social categorization

categorizing ourselves and others into groups

Social identification

adopting the identity of the group

Social comparison

comparing our in-groups with out-groups to maintain positive self

Ingroup favoritism & outgroup bias

favoring our group and sometimes devaluing others.

outgroup homogeneity

belief that members of outgroups are similar to each other

Minimal group paradigm

groups formed on arbitrary or random criteria

Prejudice

biased evaluation of a group, based on real or imagined characteristics

Stereotype

set of beliefs abt. the personal attributes of a group of people

Positive stereotypes

attribute desirable traits to a group

Negative stereotypes

attribute undesirable traits to a group

Cognitive dissonance

discomfort felt when an individual holds contradictory beliefs

Attribution theory

theory that attempts to determine the cause of a behavior

Fundamental attribution theory

tendency to overestimate dispositional (internal, stable) causes of behaviors to underestimate external causes of behaviors

Ultimate attribution theory

tendency to ascribe the cause of behavior to dispositional characteristics of the group rather than to an individual member

Optimal distinctiveness theory

social motives are governed by an alternating tension btwn. our needs for uniqueness and belongingness

Scapegoat theory

Prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Realistic conflict theory

Prejudice occurs when groups are in competition for scarce resources.

Micro assault

An explicit racial derogation primarily by a verbal/non-verbal attack meant to hurt

Micro-insult

Communications that convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a persons racial identity

Micro-invalidations

Communications that exclude, negate, or dismisses the perceptions of the target person

Macro-aggression

Overt aggressions toward a certain social group that may be publicized and traumatic.

Racial battle fatigue

Cumulative emotional, psychological, and physiological strees response experienced by P.O.C due to chronic exposure to racism