Class 2 Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism

Social Identity Theory: This theory suggests that people derive part of their self-concept from group membership.
self-categorization theory & cup membership: Concept suggesting that cople perceive themselves and others as members of groups rather than just individuals.
Social categorization: The process of categorizing ourselves and others into groups.
Social identification: The act of adopting the identity of the group.
Social comparison: The process of comparing our in-groups with out-groups to maintain positive self.

Ingroup favoritism & out-group bias: The practice of favoring our group and sometimes devaluing others.
Ingroup: Defined as groups we belong in.
Outgroup: Defined as groups we don't belong in.
Outgroup homogeneity: The belief that members of outgroups are similar to each other.
Minimal group Paradigm: Occurs when groups are formed on arbitrary or random criteria.

Prejudice: A biased evaluation of a group, based on real or imagined characteristics.
Stereotype: A set of beliefs abt. the personal attributes of a group.
+ stereotypes: These attribute desirable traits to a group.
- stereotypes: These attribute undesirable traits to a group of people.

Cognitive dissonance: The discomfort felt when an individual holds contradictory beliefs.
attribution theory: A theory that attempts to determine the cause of a behavior.
Fundamental attribution theory: The tendency to overestimate dispositional (intanal, stable) causes of behaviors and to underestimate external causes of behaviors.
Ultimate attribution error: The tendency to ascribe the cause of behavior to dispositional characteristics of the group rather than to an individual member.
Optimal distinctiveness theory: Suggests social motives are governed by an alternating tension btun. our needs for uniqueness and belongingners.
scapegoat theory: Prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Realistic conflict theory: Prejudice occurs when groups are in competition for scarce resources.

Doll test: A study where participants identified a "good" doll (white) and a "bad" doll (black).
Micro assault: An explicit racial derogation primarily by a verbal/non-verbal attack meant to hurt.
Microinsult: Communications that convey rudeness and insensitivity and demean a persons racial identity.
microinvalidation: Communications that exclude, negate, or dismisses the perceptions of the target persen.
Macro aggression: Overt aggrations toward a certain social group that may be publicized and traumatic.
acial battle fatigue: Cumulative emotional, psychological, and physiological strees response experienced by P.O.C due to chronic exposure to racism.