World War One

When was Bismarck dismissed

1890

What act made Britain join the arms race with Germany?

1889 Naval Defense Act

How much did Germany’s arms spending increase compared to Britain’s?

73% // 13%

How long did it take for Germany to issue the Blank Cheque?

1 week

How long were Germany’s ultimatums for Russia to demobilise?

12 hours

What did Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg call the 1839 Treaty of London?

a “scrap of paper”

What Treaty made Britain intervene for Belgium?

1839 Treaty of London

What contributed to the French 1913 “Law of Three Years” - conscription increased to 3 years?

1911 Agadir Incident

Why did people believe Edith Cowell was mutilated by the Germans?

They had killed 23,000 Belgians & burnt the Uni of Leuven Library

When was Futurism prominent? They wanted to “glorify war” and “scorn..woman” - Futurist Manifesto

1909-1914

How much change in the front lines was there 1914-18?

16km

How many shells were fired in the Battle of the Somme’s opening that did nothing to the Germans?

1 million shells

What happened after the 1915 British Shell Crisis “Lord Kitchener’s Tragic Blunder” - what did the Munitions Act do?

170 million shells built

When was blood transfusion pioneered - later “bloodmobiles”? They segregated blood.

France, 1914

What was Falkenhayn’s intention in Verdun?

“Bleed France White” attacking 60 historical forts the French would lose pride if they withdrew

Deaths of French v. Germans in Verdun?

377k // 337k

How many times did the town of Fleury in Verdun change hands?

16

How many died in the Somme as a result of “Rawlinson’s Walk”?

19k

proportion of Allied shells that failed to explode at the Somme?

1/3

What percentage of British workers were women?

37%

What percentage of French workers were women? - They only got voting rights in 1945

25%

What percentage of German “workers” (home based crafts) were women?

30%

How many women replaced men in Britain?

2 million

How many British female agricultural workers were there? They wore bobs, overalls and were physically fit

250k

What did the French think about women working?

They didn’t want to “damage future mothers” - 8 hour work restrictions

What did women in the German Reichstag peak at?

10%

What act 1919 made 1M British women leave their wartime jobs?

Restoration of Pre-War practices act

How much was the wage gap for munitionettes?

50%

What did B. Webb say about women in Britain?

Economic independence limited Social & Political independence.

What was the program that doubled German munitions by forcing 2M men (usually agricultural workers) to become munition workers?

Hindenburg Program

What does E. Demm think Clemenceau invented “total war” for?

to avoid any chance of peace

What does E. Demm think about French censorship?

It was “easily flouted”

How many soldiers did DORA employ to monitor the Post?

4,000

How many British propaganda pamphlets were distributed?

7 million

What Government did the 1915 Shell Crisis get rid of in 1916?

Asquith

What percentage of the German Merchant Fleet did Britain neutralise with the Blockade?

87%

Why did Britain change the intent of the blockade to “starv(ation)”? (Winston Churchill)

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

How many Germans starved in the Turnip Winter by 1918?

750k

What did Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg say about Unrestricted Submarine Warfare?

“Germany is Finished”

How many US citizens dead on the Lusitania 1915?

128

How long did Germany stop USW after the Lusitania disaster?

2 years

How many divisions did Germany waste on the Eastern Front during the Spring Offensive?

44

How long did the Battle of Hamel last?

93 minutes

What did Clemenceau say about the 14 points?

“bores me”

How much debt was Germany in?

132 billion marks

When was the Representation of the People Act passed ?

1918

What did Lloyd-George run on?

Squeezing Germany until the pips squeak

How many social houses did the Lloyd-George government create compared to their target?

200k // 800k

How many troops were sent to George Square?

10k

How much did male union membership grow in Britain post-war?

46%

How many George Square Marxists were there?

20k

When did 30k people strike in Germany? Date of turnip winter

1916

How many Germans were “weakened by influenza” in 1918? (Ludendorff)

900k

What percentage of British soldier applicants were malnourished? (Pegler)

44%

What percentage of German men died?

15%

What percentage of British men dead?

6%