FINAL Questions: Exam 3

Charles Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" was published in

1859

Organic evolution is the

accumulation of genetic changes in a population of living organisms over many generations

Charles Darwin used the term 'natural selection' to contrast the evolutionary process in natural populations with the process of __________, which was used by plant and animal breeders of his time

Artificial selection

Two contemporary biologists, raised and educated in Victorian England, both arried at the same conclusions about evolution at the same time. One of these men was Charles Darwin and the other one was

Alfred Wallace

Analogous features such as spines and fleshy stems of American cacti and African euphorbias are examples of ________, adaptation to similar environmental conditions.

convergent evolution

Photosynthetic bacteria (previously known as blue-green algae) are now known as _______

Cyanobacteria

Archegonia and antheridia are structures where ________ are produced

gametes

An organism that has no nuclear envelope and divides by fission would be a _______

prokaryote

Approximately _______ of bacteria are either harmless, or useful to humans

90%

Bacteria that are more or less spherical in shape are generally called

cocci

Which statement about Koch's postulates is incorrect?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Isolation of a microorganism from a diseased individual is sufficient evidence for that organism being the causative agent of the disease

Bacteria that are capable of carrying on photosynthesis are known as _________

autotrophic

Which of the following features set Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota apart from other groups of fungi?

A. asexual spores

B. coenocytic hyphae

C. sexual reproduction

D. conidia

E. none of these

B. coenocytic hyphae

The father of modern taxonomy, who published his work in 1753, is __________

Linnaeus

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organisms in Kingdom Fungi?

A. the fungal body is formed of tubular threads called hyphae

B. they function as autotrophs

C. they excrete digestive enzymes and absorb simple organic nutrients

D. they generally lack motile (flagellated) cells

E. cell walls are composed of chitin

they function as autotrophs

The foundation of any classification system is the species level. which of the following is accepted as a way of classifying species?

A. Species are based on structural and morphological features of the plant body

B. Species is a population capable of interbreeding within the population, ad reproductively isolated from other groups

C. Species are based on phylogenetic history; individuals with a common evolutionary background are species

D. Species are groups o related individuals that occupy unique ecological niches

E. All of these are currently in use by some segment of the taxonomic community

E. all of these are currently in use by some segment of the taxonomic community

One goal of plant taxonomists is to have a single _________ for each species

Latin name

Common names for plants are often __________

A. based on unique, recognizable features of the plant

B. in the local language

C. different in different regions of the country

D. not unique and are used for different plants

E. All of these are correct

E. all of these are correct

Scientific names consist of two parts and the method of naming is known as _______

binomial system of nomenclature

Protista is characterized as having __________, making it the most diverse of the eukaryotic kingdoms

A. plant-like algae

B. animal-like zooplankton

C. fungal-like slime molds

D. organisms with only a single cell

E. all of these are found in Kingdom Protista

E. all of these are found in Kingdom Protista

In Kingdom Protista, algae are placed into phyla based on their ______

pigment forms, number and type of flagella, and stored carbohydrates

In phylum Chlorophyta, (green algae), which of the following would you NOT expect to find?

A. 7,500 species

B. Chlorophyll d

C. chlorophyll b

D. Starch E

E. 2, 4, or more flagella, or none

B. Chorophyll d

Which algal group has silicon dioxide (glass-like compound) as part of the cell wall?

diatoms

Brown algae, diatoms, and yellow-green algae are all classified in the phylum ______ based on their shared features such as pigments, storage materials and reproductive characters

Chromophyta

The algae most responsible for bioluminescence in tropical ocean waters are found in the kingdom Dinophyta, which contain starch and _______

chlorophyll c

Which of the following is a carbohydrate food reserve of Chromophyta algae?

A. oils

B. lamarin

C. fats

D. mannitol

E. all of these

E. all of these

Heterotrophs that have chitin in their cell wall belong to Kingdom ___________

Fungi

In a fungal body, threadlike structures called ________ are interwoven to form a tangled mass called a ________

hyphae/mycelium

In mushrooms, meiosis takes place in this structure

basidium

Lichens are a combination of photosynthetic organism and which phylum of fungus?

[basidiomycota]?????

ascomycota

In the bryophytes the _____ is the conspicuous (noticeable) phase, while in the seedless vascular pants it is the _____ that is conspicuous

gametophyte/sporophyte

A sporophyte produces ______, which undergo meiosis and produce ______

sporocytes/spores

Bryophytes

A. have xylem and phloem

B. have relatively large leaves

C. produce gametes in single-celled sex organs

D. need water present to undergo sexual reproduction

E. A & D are correct

need water present to undergo sexual reproduction

Moss protonema

A. has the n number of chromosomes in each cell

B. is part of the sporophyte generation

C. produces gametes

D. produces spores

E. both B & C

A. has the n number of chromosomes in each cell

The egg of a moss is produced within a cavity called a ______

venter

In phylum Lycophyta, Selaginella produce ______, a reproductive feature referred to as ______

two types of spores; heterospory

Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity?

A. elaters of liverworts

B. elaters of horsetails

C. moss peristomes

D. [A, B, & C] are correct

E. none of these answers is correct

D. [A, B, C] are correct

the substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is_____

Silica

In ferns n annulus is directly and intimately associated with a ________

sporangium

The antheridia of ferns are usually located _____

among the rhizoids on the prothallus

How does a typical mushroom differ from a moss or fern in terms of the haploid/diploid cycle?

Mushrooms have a n, n+n and 2n stage, while mosses and ferns only have n and 2n stages

The scientific name for soybean is Glycine max (L.) Merr., where Glycine is the genus name

What does (L.) indicate?

What is the species name?

Linnaeus/the author

Glycine max

The event that occurs in an organism when reproductive cells change from a diploid (2n) to a haploid (n) is called ______, while the event that occurs changing these haploid reproductive cells back to diploid is known as ______

meiosis; fertilization

Kingdom/Domain ________

Kingdom/Domain ________

Phylum _________

Class_________

Class ________

Class ________

Archaea

Bacteria

Phylum Eubacteria

Class eubacteria

Class cyanobacteria

Class chloroxybacteria

Name 8 phyla in Kingdom Protista

Chlorophyta

Chromophyta

Rhodophyta

Euglenophyta

Dinophyta

Cryptophyta

Prynesiophyta

Charophyta

Name 5 phyla from Kingdom Fungi

Chytridiomycota

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Deuteromycota

Name the 12 phyla in Kingdom Plantae

Hepaticophyta

Anthocerotophyta

Bryophyta

Psilotophyta

Lycophyta

Equisetophyta

Polypodiophyta

Pinophyta

Cycadophyta

Ginkgophyta

Gnetophyta

Magnoliophyta

Name the two classes within Phylum Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida

Liliopsida