all the tests/signs/scales! patho and health assessment!

HIT-6

tests headache severity and duration (effect on daily life)

auspitz sign

bleeding/spots under psoriasis plaques

ABCDE of skin cancer

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving

what is a culture lab test

tests urine, stool, sputum, or wound for infection

what is PCR testing

polymerase chain reaction, tests for viral genetic material by multiplying it

kernigs sign

meningitis sign, extend leg -> neck pain

brudzinski sign

meningitis sign, flex neck -> patient flexes knees and hips

koplik spots

hallmark measles sign, white spots on buccal mucosa

forchheimer spots

rubella sign, red spots in mouth

cardinal signs of inflammation

rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, loss of function

COLDSPA

character, onset, location, duration, severity, pattern, associated factors

stanford sleepiness scale

1 is active and alert, 7 is losing struggle to remain awake

behavioral pain scale (BPS)

assign numerical score to patient's facial expressions and body positions

wong baker pain scale

faces, used mostly with kids

braden scale components

- sensory perception

- moisture

- activity

- mobility

- nutrition

- friction and shear

what is the braden scale

a scale used to predict pressure sore risk, each factor rated 1-4 (4 is best)

braden scale severe risk

less than 9

PUSH tool

measures pressure ulcer healing progress

braden scale moderate risk

13-14

braden scale mild risk

15-18

braden scale high risk

10-12

skin types (1-6)

1 = always burns never tans, 6 = marked constitutional pigmentation

prothrombin time (PT)

measures clotting time of extrinsic pathway

partial prothrombin time (PTT)

measures clotting time of intrinsic pathway

virchow's triad

VTE risk factors: venous stasis, vascular damage, hypercoagulability

mallampati score

grades distance between mouth structures to predict ease of intubation (1 is far, 4 is close)

janeway lesions

infective endocarditis sign: red, nontender bumps on soles and palms

oslers nodes

infective endocarditis sign: subcutaneous nodules in the fingertips

splinter hemorrhage

infective endocarditis sign: little dark lines on nails

beck's triad

cardiac tamponade symptoms: hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds

cherry color in mouth indicates

carbon monoxide poisoning

black color in mouth indicates

antibiotic use

white color in mouth indicates

thrush

flat tongue (no ridges) indicates

vitamin b12 deficiency

brown patches in mouth indicate

addison disease

fruity/acetone breath indicates

diabetic ketoacidosis

heart murmur grading

1-6, 6 is worst

edema grading

1+ - 4+, 1+ mild pitting, 4+ very deep pitting

allen's test

occlude wrist arteries while holding a fist, release and observe color change

ankle brachial index (ABI)

upper limb vs lower limb BP ratio

bristol stool type 1

separate hard lumps, severe constipation

bristol stool type 2

lumpy and sausage like, mild constipation

bristol stool type 3

sausage shape with cracks, normal

bristol stool type 4

smooth sausage or snake, normal

bristol stool type 5

soft blobs with clear cut edges, lacking fiber

bristol stool type 6

mushy consistency with ragged edges, mild diarrhea

bristol stool type 7

liquid consistency with no solid pieces, severe diarrhea

psoas sign

appendicitis, pain in RLQ when leg is behind and down

obturator sign

appendicitis, pain in RLQ when hip and knee rotates internally

murphy sign

cholecystitis, pain when palpating RUQ during inspiration

rovsing sign

appendicitis, RLQ pain when LLQ is palpated

blumberg sign

peritoneal irritation, rebound tenderness at mcburneys point

grey turner sign

intraabdominal bleeding, bruises on flanks

cullens sign

intraabdominal bleeding, bruises around umbilicus

hypersensitivity test

appendicitis, RLQ pain when poke/pinch along abdominal wall

liver function test (LFT)

tests for liver enzymes released when liver is injured

viral assay

detects and quantifies viruses

severe brain injury GCS score

3-8

moderate brain injury GCS score

9-12

mild brain injury GCS score

13-15

3 parts of GCS

eyes, verbal, motor responses

reflex grading

0-4, 2 is normal, 4 is hyperreflexia

SPICES screening tool

- skin impairment

- poor nutrition

- incontinence

- cognitive impairment

- evidence of falls or functional decline

- sleep disturbances

muscle strength 0/5

no contraction (paralysis)

muscle strength 1/5

slight flicker of contraction (severe weakness)

muscle strength 2/5

passive ROM (poor ROM)

muscle strength 3/5

active movements against gravity (average weaknness)

muscle strength 4/5

active motion against full resistance (slight weakness)

muscle strength 5/5

active motion against full resistance (normal)

hester davis fall risk scale implement fall protocol

greater than 7

hester davis fall risk scale low risk

7-10

hester davis fall risk scale mod risk

11-14

hester davis fall risk scale severe risk

15 or more

hester davis fall scale 9 sections

age, last known fall, mobility, meds, LOC, toileting needs, volume/electrolytes, communication/sensory, behavioral

morse fall scale no risk

0-24

morse fall scale low risk

25-50

morse fall scale high risk

51 or more

katz scale

ADLs, 6 is high independence, 0 is very dependent

lawton scale

ADLs, score 8-28, lower is more independent

geriatric depression scale

11 or higher may indicate depression

mini nutritional assessment (MNA) normal score

12-14

MNA risk of malnutrition score

8-11

MNA malnourished score

0-7

NSI good nutrition score

0-2

NSI moderate nutritional risk score

3-5

NSI high nutritional risk score

6 or more

A1c test

tests how much glucose is on red blood cells to get accurate measure of average blood glucose level and diagnose diabetes

TNM tumor grading system

t = tumor size

n = lymph node involvement

m = metastasis

pack year formula

packs per day x # of years smoking