Networking 1 - Midterms - Crash SHit

Okay, I've processed the content from your networking modules. Here's a glossary with brief definitions, including multiple definitions for some terms, with each pair on a new line:

Access control lists (ACL)

Security feature for larger networks.

Access method

Determines when someone can send a message.

Addressing (Network Protocol Function)

Identifies sender and receiver.

Application Interface (Network Protocol Function)

Process-to-process communications between network applications.

Application Layer (OSI Model)

Contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.

Application Layer (TCP/IP Model)

Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control.

Argument (IOS Command)

This is not predefined; it is a value or variable defined by the user.

Availability (Network Security)

Assurance of timely and reliable access to data for authorized users.

Bandwidth

The capacity at which a medium can carry data.

Banner motd

Command to create a message of the day banner.

Binary Number System

Consists of 1s and Os, called bits.

Binary Number System

Used by hosts, servers, and network equipment to identify each other.

Bits (PDU)

The Protocol Data Unit at the Physical Layer when data is passed down the stack.

Bit Stream (PDU)

The Protocol Data Unit at the Physical Layer when data is received and passed up the stack.

Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15)

Wireless Personal Area network (WPAN) standard.

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Allows users to use their own devices giving them more opportunities and greater flexibility.

Broadcast (Message Delivery)

One-to-all communication.

Bus Topology

All end systems chained together and terminated on each end.

Cable (Internet Connection)

High bandwidth, always on, internet offered by cable television service providers.

Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)

Contention-based access method used on Wireless LANs.

Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)

Contention-based access method used on legacy bus-topology Ethernet.

Cellular (Internet Connection)

Uses a cell phone network to connect to the internet.

Channel (Communication)

The media that provides the path for communications.

Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Certification demonstrating knowledge of foundational networking technologies.

Client

Computers that send requests to servers to retrieve information.

Cloud computing

Allows storage of personal files or backup of data on servers over the internet.

Coaxial Cable

Copper cabling type.

Command syntax check (IOS)

Verifies that a valid command was entered by the user.

Confidentiality (Network Security)

Only intended recipients can read the data.

Console (Access Method)

A physical management port used to access a device to provide maintenance.

Contention-based access

All nodes operating in half-duplex, competing for use of the medium.

Context-sensitive help (IOS)

Enables you to quickly find which commands are available in each command mode.

Controlled access

Deterministic access where each node has its own time on the medium.

Converged data networks

Carry multiple services on one link including data, voice, and video.

Copper Cabling

Uses electrical impulses to transmit data.

Custom Clouds

Built to meet the needs of a specific industry, such as healthcare or media.

Data (PDU)

The Protocol Data Unit at the Application Layer.

Data Encapsulation

Process where protocols add their information to the data.

Data Link Layer (OSI Model)

Describes methods for exchanging data frames over a common media.

Data Link Layer Address

Responsible for delivering the data link frame from one network interface card (NIC) to another NIC on the same network.

De-encapsulation

Process of stripping headers as data moves up the stack.

Decoding

Reverses the encoding process to interpret information.

Dedicated firewall system

Security feature for larger networks.

Dedicated Leased Line

Reserved circuits within the service provider’s network that connect distant offices.

Default gateway address

The IP address of the router that the host will use to access remote networks.

Denial of service attacks

An external security threat.

Destination IP address

The IP address of the receiving device, final destination of the packet.

Destination MAC address

Will always be on the same link as the source, even if the ultimate destination is remote.

Device name (Hostname)

Used in CLI prompts, verification, and topology diagrams.

Dial-up telephone (Internet Connection)

An inexpensive, low bandwidth option using a modem.

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL - Business)

Available in various formats including Symmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (SDSL).

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL - Home)

High bandwidth, always on, internet connection that runs over a telephone line.

Dotted decimal notation

The structure of an IPv4 address, represented by four decimal numbers between 0 and 255.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Enables automatic IPv4 address configuration for every end device.

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

Develops standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and 19-inch racks.

Email Server

Runs email server software; clients use client software to access email.

Enable (IOS Command)

Command to move from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode.

Encapsulation

The process where protocols add their information to the data.

Encoding

The process of converting information into another acceptable form for transmission.

End device

Where a message originates from or where it is received.

End (IOS Command)

Command to return to privileged EXEC mode from a subconfiguration mode.

Enterprise Networks (Fiber-Optic Usage)

Used for backbone cabling applications and interconnecting infrastructure devices.

Error Detection (Network Protocol Function)

Determines if data became corrupted during transmission.

Ethernet (Protocol)

Delivers messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN).

Ethernet Crossover Cable

UTP cable type used to interconnect similar devices.

Ethernet Straight-through Cable

UTP cable type used for interconnecting a host to a switch and a switch to a router.

Ethernet WAN

Extends LAN access technology into the WAN.

Exit (IOS Command)

Command to return to the previous configuration mode.

Extranet

Provides secure access to an organization's network for individuals from a different organization.

Fault Tolerance

A characteristic of reliable networks that limits the impact of a failure.

Fiber-Optic Cabling

Uses pulses of light to transmit data.

Fiber-Optic Cabling

Transmits data over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than other media.

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)

Used to provide always-on broadband services to homes and small businesses.

File Server

Stores corporate and user files; client devices access these files.

Firewall filtering

Used to block unauthorized access to the network.

Flow Control (Message Timing)

Manages the rate of data transmission.

Flow Control (Network Protocol Function)

Ensures data flows at an efficient rate.

Flow Control (TCP Function)

Manages the rate of data transmission between a web server and a web client.

Frame (PDU)

The Protocol Data Unit at the Data Link Layer.

Frame Fields

Include frame start and stop indicator flags, addressing, type, control, data, and error detection.

Full-duplex communication

Allows both devices to transmit and receive simultaneously on the shared medium.

Global Configuration Mode (IOS)

Used to access configuration options on the device.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Allows users to interact with a system using graphical icons, menus, and windows.

Half-duplex communication

Only allows one device to send or receive at a time on a shared medium.

Hardware (Operating System Component)

The physical part of a computer including underlying electronics.

Header (Frame Part)

One of the three basic parts of a data link frame.

Hexadecimal Number System

Base sixteen numbering system, using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

Hextet

A four hexadecimal character group in an IPv6 address.

Host

Any computer connected to a network that participates directly in network communication.

Host portion (IPv4 Address)

The part of an IP address that identifies a specific device within the network.

Hot-swappable (IOS Help)

Refers to hardware that can be changed without shutting down the system.

Hub and spoke (WAN Topology)

A central site interconnects branch sites through point-to-point links.

Hybrid Clouds

Made up of two or more Cloud types (e.g., part custom, part public).

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Governs the way a web server and a web client interact.

IAB (Internet Architecture Board)

Responsible for management and development of internet standards.

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

Oversees and manages IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN.

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)

Coordinates IP address allocation, domain name management, and assignment of other information.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

Dedicated to creating standards in power, energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking.