Eyes assessment

What CN control the extraocular muscles

III, IV, VI

What is the name of CN III

ocularmotor

What is the name of CN IV

trochlear

What is the name of CN VI

abducens

What areas of the eye are viewed by the opthalmascope

optic disc, physiologic cup, retinal vessels, macula and fovea centralis

Pupillary light reflex

constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina; direct vs consensual

Fixation/tracking

a reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting attention; image is fixed in center of visual field, fovea centralis; impaired by drugs,ETOH, fatigue and inattention

Accommodation

adaptation of the eye for near vision; curvature of the lens increased through muscles of ciliary body

What are the two ways to assess accommodation

convergence of axes of eyeballs and pupillary constriction

By age 70 what happens to the lens of the eyes

lens thicken and yellow; beginning of cataracts

At what age does visual acuity diminishes gradually

50; even more after 70

What are common causes of decreased visual functioning in the aging adult

cataract formation, glaucoma, age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy

What CN is the nurse testing for when assessing visual acuity and fields

CN II

What is the name of CN II

optic

What are the tests for assessing visual acuity

snellen chart and jaeger card

What test is used for visual fields

confrontation test

What tests are used to asses extraocular muscle(EOM) function

corneal light reflex and six cardinal fields of gaze

Palpebral fissures

opening of eyes

What is a normal finding on the sclera for people of color

gray-blue sclera or small brown macules on sclera

What does PERRLA stand for

pupils equal round reactive to light and accommodation

Strabismus

lazy eye

What is this abnormal finding of EOM

esotropia

What is this abnormal finding of EOM

exotropia

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

exophthalmos

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

ptosis

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

upward palperbral slant

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

ectropion

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

entropion

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

hordeolum

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

chalazion

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

dacryocystitis

What is this abnormal finding of the eyelids

blepharitis

Abonormal findings of the pupil

aniscoria, miosis, and mydriasis

Aniscoria

unequal pupil size

Miosis

constricted pupils

Mydriasis

dilated pupils

What is this abnormal finding of vascular disorders of the eyes

conjunctivitis

What is this abnormal finding of vascular disorders of the eyes

subconjunctival hemorrage

What is this abnormal finding of vascular disorders of the eyes

iritis

What is this abnormal finding of vascular disorders of the eyes

acute glaucoma

What is this abnormal finding of the lens

cataracts

What is this abnormal finding of the cornea and iris

arcus senilis

What is this abnormal finding of the cornea and iris

pterygium

What is this abnormal finding of the cornea and iris

hyphema

What is this abnormal finding of the cornea and iris

hypopyon

Which test would you use to assess for presbyopia

visual acuity

Which tests are abnormal for someone with strabismus

corneal light reflex and six cardinal fields of gaze

What abnormal findings would be considered emergent

dacryocyitis, iritis, hyphema, and hypopyn

What else is considered emergent

eyeball pain, sudden vision loss, shingles on face, sudden disorientated pupil or trauma to the eye

Age related macular degradation

no cure, no prevention and loss of central vision

Glaucoma

optic nerve neuropathy; increase in intraocular pressure; dangerous

Presbyopia

decrease in power of accommodation that occurs with aging; middle age to older adults

What ages can get diabetic retinopathy

20-74

What does the top number mean on the snellen chart

distance in feet from the chart

What does the bottom number mean on the snellen chart

distance at which a person with normal eyesight can read the same line; higher the number the worse the vision is

How many letters read are considered ‘passing’ on a snellen chart

50%