Muscle Tissue Types and Stem Cell Biology

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Flashcards covering muscle tissue types, tissue renewal ability, stem cell potency, and stem cell classifications based on lecture notes.

Last updated 8:01 PM on 9/20/26
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10 Terms

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Skeletal Muscle

A muscle tissue type characterized by the presence of striations, voluntary contraction, many nuclei per cell, long cell appearance, and located in voluntary muscles.

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Cardiac Muscle

A muscle tissue type characterized by the presence of striations, involuntary contraction, one nucleus per cell, branched & stumpy cell appearance, and located in the heart.

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Smooth Muscle

A muscle tissue type characterized by no striations, involuntary contraction, one nucleus per cell, fusiform (tapered) cell appearance, and located in the GI tract.

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Characteristics for Tissue Repair

The two characteristics allowing tissue repair: stem cell population within the tissue and vasculature bringing blood (& nutrients) to the area of damage.

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Tissue Renewability Ranking

The ranking of tissue renewability from most to least renewable: Epithelial Tissue (most renewable), Connective Tissue (dependent on vascularization), and Muscle Tissue & Nervous Tissue (equal at least renewable).

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Epithelial Tissue Renewability Rationale

Although epithelial tissue is avascular (lacks blood supply), its massive renewability is due to the presence of an active unipotent stem cell population.

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Potency

The ability of stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell types; higher potency means the cell can differentiate into more cell types, each with a unique function.

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Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem cells present only in the very early stages of the embryo just following fertilization; examples include Totipotent Stem Cells and Pluripotent Stem Cells.

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Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells present throughout an individual's lifetime; examples include Multipotent Stem Cells and Unipotent Stem Cells.

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Scope of Differentiation (Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells)

Embryonic stem cells have a larger scope of differentiation than adult stem cells because they can differentiate into far more cell types.