The Solar System Note

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16 Terms

1

When did the solar system form?

4.6 billion years ago.

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2

What is a Catastrophic Collision

A significant impact event that alters the physical characteristics of celestial bodies, such as the collision believed to have formed the Moon.

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3

Jovian Planets

(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are gas giants and ice giants characterized by their massive size, composition primarily of hydrogen and helium, and the presence of rings.

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4

Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs)

Objects located in the Kuiper Belt, which lies beyond Neptune, consisting mainly of icy bodies, including dwarf planets like Pluto and Eris.

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5

Nebular Contraction

The process in which a giant molecular cloud collapses under gravity to form a star and planetary systems.

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6

Planet Formation Method

The planets formed through a process known as accretion, where dust grains collided and stuck together, eventually forming larger bodies.

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7

Role of Jupiter

Shaping the orbits of other celestial bodies due to its strong gravitational influence, affecting the distribution of asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects.

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8

Composition of the Sun

Hydrogen (about 74%) and helium (about 24%), with trace amounts of heavier elements.

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9

Planetesimals

particles in the protoplanetary disk, which coalesce to form planets.

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10

Protoplanet Formation

Forms from the accumulation of planetesimals and gravitational interactions within the protoplanetary disk.

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11

Fragmentation

The breaking apart of larger bodies into smaller pieces, which can become planetesimals or debris in a protoplanetary disk.

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12

What causes different Planetary Compositions

They arise from varying distances from the Sun, temperature differences during formation, and the material available in their formation regions.

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13

Nebula Composition

Gas (mostly hydrogen) and dust, often the remnants of previous stars and the building blocks of new stars.

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14

Oort Cloud Composition

Billions of icy bodies, remnants from the early solar system, that have been influenced by the gravity of the Sun.

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15

Frost Line Location

Between Mars and Jupiter in the solar system.

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16

Effects at the Frost Line

Temperatures are low enough for volatile compounds like water and methane to freeze into solid ice, influencing the formation of gas giants and terrestrial planets.

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