Genetics and DNA

Question 1: How many chromosomes are typically found in a human

body cell?

46

Question 2: In eukaryotes, DNA is primarily found in the:

Nucleus

Question 3: Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Thymine

Question 4: What is the primary function of mRNA?

Translation

Question 5: Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA)

Question 6: In which process is an RNA molecule synthesized from a

DNA template?

Transcription

Question 7: If an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is:

Homozygous

Question 8: In a Punnett square, what does the capital letter

represent?

Dominant trait

Question 9: What type of inheritance results in a phenotype that is a

blend of two heterozygous alleles?

 Incomplete dominance

Question 10: Which nitrogenous base in RNA pairs with adenine of

DNA during transcription?

Uracil

Question 11: Which part of the cell reads mRNA and assembles amino

acids into proteins?

Ribosome

Question 12: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of

an organism are referred to as its:

Phenotype

Question 13: Which RNA type brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

tRNA

Question 15: What is the role of regulatory genes?

Control the expression of other genes

Question 16: If a trait is controlled by multiple genes rather than a single gene, it is known as:

Polygenic inheritance

Question 17: Which of the following involves both a dominant and a

recessive allele being expressed, resulting in a phenotype that displays

both traits?

Co-dominance

Question 18: The process by which DNA is duplicated before cell

division is called:

Replication

Question 19: Which of the following involves the physical appearance of

an organism?

Phenotype

Question 20: What is the total number of codons that code for amino

acids?

64

Question 21: Which of the following structures is responsible for

bringing the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome?

mRNA

Question 22: If a trait is NOT expressed in the presence of a dominant

allele, it is referred to as:

Recessive

Question 23: During which process are tRNAs used to add amino acids

to a growing polypeptide chain?

Translation

Question 24: Which term refers to the combination of alleles an

organism has for a particular trait?

Genotype

Question 25: If a gene is present on one of the first 22 pairs of human

chromosomes, it is said to be:

Autosomal

Question 26: Which molecule carries the amino acid to the ribosome

during protein synthesis?

tRNA

Question 27: Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Uracil

Question 28: The law that states alleles for different traits are

distributed to sex cells independently is Mendel's Law of:

independent Assortment

Question 29: What term describes the situation where multiple genes

determine a single trait?

 Polygenic Inheritance

Question 30: In a heterozygous genotype, which allele is typically

expressed in the phenotype?

The dominant allele

Question 31: When an individual inherits two different alleles for a

trait, they are described as:

Heterozygous

Question 34: A situation where the heterozygous phenotype is

somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes is called:

Incomplete dominance

Question 35: Which of the following best describes when two dominant

alleles are both expressed in a heterozygous individual?

Codominance

Question 36: What represents an organism's physical characteristics

or appearance?

Phenotype

Question 37: In the ABO blood group system, what type of inheritance

explains why an individual with an IAi genotype has type A blood?

Multiple alleles

Question 39: Which of the following represents the genetic makeup of

an individual?

Genotype

Question 42: In the inheritance of a trait governed by codominance, a

heterozygote will express:

Only the dominant trait and Only the recessive trait

Question 43: Which of the following best describes a trait that is

determined by more than two genes?

Polygenic inheritance

Question 44: What inheritance pattern does the ABO blood group

system demonstrate due to the presence of three different alleles

that determine blood type?

Multiple alleles

Question 46: When an individual's phenotype is influenced by more

than one pair of genes, this is known as:

Polygenic inheritance

Question 47: An organism's observable characteristics are determined

by its:

 Genotype and enviroment

Question 49: If an individual exhibits a blend of two parental traits,

this is most likely a result of:

Incomplete dominance

Question 50: What pattern of inheritance is seen when a heterozygous

individual expresses both alleles, but not as a blend?

Codominance

is made up of two strands the double helix that r made up of nucleotide

DNA

helps keep that DNA organized by wrapping

histone

r the building blocks of DNA strands

nucleotides

is the instruction for how and when to make a protien

DNA

is one strand and very short copy of one gene

RNA

happens when the cel copies a gene on DNA and makes a short strand of RNA

transcription

happens when the ribosome takes the instruction on RNA uses them to put together a protien

translation

is a copy of a gene that tells the ribsomes how to make protiens

mRNA

no partner a copy of yourself

asexual

creates two identical daughter cells

mitosis

daughter aren’t identical

meiosis

is the very last after telephase means spilt up

cytokinese

in what phase does chromesomes condense or nuclues breaks down

prophase

which phase does chromosomes line up

metaphase

chromosome moves to opposite side of cell

anaphase

what is the last phase for mitosis

telophase

is where you can get variety in sperm and happens during 1st stage of meiosis

crossing

recombines

recombination

is a mistake during meiosis gives you sex cells with wrong number of chromosome

nondisjunction

it has crossing over, recombination and nondisjunction

meiosis

is where it helps the spindle fibers

centriole

is spern and egg and has 23 chromosomes

haploid

has skin, nerve, germ or somatic and 46 chromosomes

diploid