3.1 physical properties and changes of matter

Physical properties

-Observed properties of the substance and those that can change the state without changing the identity of the substance.

Example of physical properties

Boiling liquid water

-steam that is produced is a gaseous state of water with the same molecular formula as liquid water (identity has not changed, but but state has)

extensive physical property

A physical property that depends on how much of the mixture there is.(Mass, volume)

Mass

Specific number of molecules

Volume

Amount of space taken up by that of molecules

Density

Ratio of mass to volume

Dense substances in water

Will sink

Less dense substances in water

Will float

Density equation

D=m/v

Mass equation

density x volume

volume equation

V=M/D

Four phases of matter

liquid, solid, gas, plasma

Kinetic molecular theory

Theory stating that the mobiles that make up all the matter are in constant

Motion and the temperature of a substance is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

Solid states of molecules

Packed right, orderly pattern

gas state molecules

Move around freely and move fast

liquid state molecules

Less ordered and exhibit both transitional and vibrational motion

Phase of substance depends on what

temperature and pressure

Increasing temperature does what to particles

Moves particles apart

Increasing pressure does what to particles

Tendency to lack them closer together

What does adding heat do to forces

Adds energy and forces particles that are held together to break

Sublimation

A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

-ex: solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) changes directly from solid to gas at room temperature through sublimation

Triple point

the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium