RA 16- Protestants and Spreading Christianity

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

Indulgences

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

Indulgences

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

Huguenots

French Protestants, minority

Peace of Westphalia

Series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War

Council of Trent

Council where Catholics reaffirmed doctrine, sacraments, and practices like papal authority and celibate popes. Attempted to counter Protestantism through stricter rule

Society of jesus

Jesuits, brotherhood of priests committed to the renewal of the Catholic church abroad

Taki Onqoy Movement

Dancing sickness- Incan religious revivalist movement preaching the destruction of Christianity and the renewal of the huacas, local gods

Huacas

Local gods

Virgin of Guadelupe

Mexican belief in a female goddess which was a hybrid faith between Christianity and the Native beliefs.

Matteo Ricci

The most famous Jesuit missionary to China, attempting to fit Christianity into Chinese culture

Colonizing difference between Catholics and Protestants

Catholics tried to convert natives, Protestants didn't

How did the Protestant reformation change social aspects?

Closed down monasteries, forced women to marry, and while they were educated, they couldn't use it for anything but bible. Also no female saint/ Mary worship

How did the Protestant reformation change cultural aspects?

Encouraged skepticism, defining religion for self, also renewing intellectual life

How did the Protestant reformation change political aspects?

Leaders were looking for a way to become independent from the Catholic church's power and used religion as an excuse to seize church lands

Bishop of Mexico destroyed

20,000 idols and 500 shrines

How did the Protestant reformation change class?

The emphasis on equality took away the credit of the rich, supported the growing middle class

Relationship between Christianity and colonialism

Christianity and colonialism enable one another

Cofradias

church-based associations of laypeople (assimilated their own culture into Christianity) that organized community processions and festivals and made provisions for proper funerals

How did Christianity blend into Mexican culture?

Virgin of Guadelupe

How did Christianity blend into Peruvian culture?

Taki Onqoy dancers would take Christian names to take their power, adopted Christianity but took aspects of huaca/local gods

Why were missionary efforts in China unsuccessful?

Operating in China required permission, and they had their spiritual needs filled by Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, they also thought communion was cannibalism

Which emperor of China banned the spread of Christianity?

Kang Xi- because the pope said Confucianism was idol worship

Number of Chinese Christians

200,000-300,000 converts

Why did the Chinese initially like Christianity?

Jesuits were well educated and served in Chinese government