Physics Chapter 8

What is the kinetic particle model of matter?

The kinetic particle model of matter is made up of tiny particles that are in continuous motion

What are parts to take note of in the visual representation of the kinetic particle model of a solid?

Particles

Forces

Energy of particles in a solid

What is the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid?

Particles are closely packed and arranged in a regular pattern. Particles vibrate about their fixed positions. They are held together by strong attractive forces between the particles

What is the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid?

Particles are slightly less closely packed than in solids and are arranged in an irregular pattern. The particles slide over each other throughout the liquid without fixed positions. The forces holding the partciles together are weaker than in a solid

What is the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas

Particles are very far apart from one another in an irregular pattern. The particles can move freely in any direction. The attractive forces between the particles are weak

Describe the energy in particles in a solid?

Particles in a solid have the least energy

Describe the energy in particles in a liquid?

Particles in a liquid have more energy than particles in a solid, but less energy than particles in a gas

Describe the energy in particles in a gas?

Particles in gases have the most energy

Rank the densities of the 3 states of matter from highest to lowest

Solids, Liquids, Gases

Explain the shape and volume of each state of matter

Solid - fived shape and volume

Liquid - fixed volume but no fixed shape

Gas - no fixed volume and shape but can be compressed

What is the Brownian Motion?

The random motion of particles in a fluid

What happens to particles during heating?

When a substance like water is heated, kinetic energy of the particles increases and the particles vibrate or move faster. Hence, when the thermometer is in contact with water, the more energetic particles in water transfer some enrgy to the less energetic particles in the thermometer through collisions. With more energy, particles tend to push each other apart, so matter expands. However, liquids expand more easily than solids, so the liquid column expands noticeably along the calibrated scale but length of thermometer body does not change

The temperature reading of a substance is …

an indication of the kinetic energy of the particles of the substance

Temperature rises with the average kinetic energy of the particles in a body and vice versa. (T/F)

True

When temperature increases, …

the kinetic energy of the particles increases, causing the collisions of the particles with the walls to be more forceful and more frequent, causing the average force per unit area to increase. Hence, the gas pressure increases

When a gas is trapped in a container, …

the particles exert pressure on all the inner walls of the container

When there are many gas particles colliding with the inner wall of the container, the forces add up, causing …

the total force exerted by the gas per unit area is the pressure

Gases exert pressure, which is the average force exerted by the particles per unit area. (T/F)

True

Gas pressure in the container is very nearly …

same throughout the liquid

Pressure due to a liquid …

increases much faster with depth due to much higher density of liquids than gases