HTHSCI 3BB3 - F2024 - 9A - Minerals and Bone Health - Student Version

Minerals

Inorganic elements that are essential for various biological functions in the body.

Major minerals

Minerals required in amounts less than 100 mg/day or which make up less than 0.01% of body weight.

Trace elements

Minerals required in amounts greater than 100 mg/day or which make up more than 0.01% of body weight.

Bioavailability

The degree to which nutrients or minerals are absorbed and utilized by the body.

Calcium

A major mineral essential for bone health, muscle contraction, and regulating blood pressure.

Osteoporosis

A condition resulting from loss in bone density, leading to increased fracture risk.

Phosphorus

A mineral that is involved in bone mineralization and makes up about 1% of human body weight.

Magnesium

A mineral important for numerous enzymatic functions, and is a component of bones.

Calcitonin

A hormone that reduces calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium deposition in bones.

Parathyroid hormone

A hormone that increases blood calcium levels by enhancing absorption and reducing excretion.

Nutritional Toxicity

A condition that results from excessive intake of nutrients or minerals, leading to adverse health effects.

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)

The daily dietary intake level sufficient to meet the requirements of nearly all (97%–98%) healthy individuals.

Cofactor

A non-protein chemical compound that is required for the biological activity of a protein.

Deficiency

A lack of an essential nutrient in the diet leading to health issues.

Absorption

The process by which substances are taken up into the body from the digestive tract.

Hormonal Regulation

The control of bodily functions through hormones that influence various physiological processes.

Dietary Sources of Calcium

Foods rich in calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, canned fish, and fortified foods.

Calcium Needs by Life Stage

Calcium absorption and requirements vary across different life stages including infancy, adulthood, and pregnancy.