Urban Change and Problems with Urban Growth

why is change needed

1. older properties in need of improvement and modernisation

2. large vol of traffic caused air pollution and noise pollution as well as congestion

3. insufficient space for car parking and busses found to hard to stay on time

4. larger shops moved put and relocated on less congested sites

5. smaller shops forced out as its too expensive

6. this leads to decline in the CBD

changes made in the city

1. more leasure activities to attract customers to an area {cafés, theatres, bars}

2. pedestrianised areas- traffic is restricted so its safer and more pleasant for shoppers

3. improvements in the environment- hanging baskets, setting areas, flowerbeds, shopping malls

reason change was needed in the old inner city

1. buildings were old and derelict

2. building no longer suited the needs of modern manufacturing which generally requires large areas of single story development

changes that have been Made to the older inner city

1. urban redevelopment large areas have been cleared and new buildings put In place

2. urban renewal - improvements have been made to existing buildings

3. mixed use projects- eg London docklands which has brought businesses and people back to the inner city

changes in retailing

1. increasing wealth meant more disposable income

2. large renters focused on providing leisure and entertainment facilities as well as shopping

3. future is towards online shopping

what is a green belt

these are areas where development is severely restricted to stop cities from just carrying on expanding an instead work on internal infrastructure

why is there more competition on the rural urban fringe

1. the land is cheaper

2. less traffic congestion and pollution

3. better road infrastructure that gives easier access to surrounding urban areas

4. a pleasanter environment with ore open space