SAP Exam Notes (HSP3U)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering anthropology, psychology, and sociology.

Anthropology

The study of human societies and cultures and their development.

Nurture

The environmental factors and experiences that influence development and behavior.

Nature

The biological and genetic predispositions affecting behavior and traits.

Ethnocentrism

Evaluating other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture.

Cultural Relativism

Understanding and judging a person’s culture based on their cultural standards, not one's own.

Behaviorism

A theory in psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and the impact of learned associations through rewards and punishments.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach that focuses on the influence of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences on behavior.

Humanism

A psychological perspective that emphasizes personal growth and the potential to become the best version of oneself.

Cognitive Psychology

The branch of psychology dedicated to the study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Sociology

The study of individual behavior in a society and how social structures influence that behavior.

Socialization

The process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, and social practices of their culture.

Social Contrast Theory

The struggle between segments of society over valued resources.

Feral Children

Children who have been isolated from human contact and have not experienced socialization.

Psychosis

A mental state involving the loss of control with reality, often including symptoms like hallucinations or delusions.

Neurosis

A mental condition characterized by excessive anxiety or distress without a break from reality.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory in psychology that organizes human needs into a five-tier model of human needs.

Class Conflict

The struggle between the working class (proletariat) and those who own the means of production (bourgeoisie).

Agencies of Socialization

The social institutions that help shape individuals' beliefs, values, and behaviors.

Margaret Mead

An anthropologist known for her studies of Samoan adolescence and the impact of culture on human behavior.

John Watson

A psychologist who founded behaviorism and believed that behavior is learned from the environment.

Sigmund Freud

The founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories on the unconscious mind and psychosexual development.

B.F. Skinner

A psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning and behaviorism.