2.2 Dog hindlimb dissection

Sartorius origin, insertion, innervation

• Tuber coxae

• Crural (lower leg) fascia

• Saphenous nerve (branch of femoral nerve)

Superficial gluteal origin, insertion, innervation

• Lateral sacrum

• Proximolateral femur

• Caudal gluteal nerve

Tensor fascia latae origin, insertion, innervation

• Tuber coxae

• Lateral femoral fascia

• Cranial gluteal nerve

Middle gluteal origin, insertion, innervation

• Ilium

• Greater trochanter (proximolateral femur)

• Cranial gluteal nerve

Biceps femoris origin, insertion, innervation

• Ischiatic tuberosity (ventrocaudal ischium)

• Distal hindlimb via aponeurosis

• Sciatic nerve

Semitendinosus origin, insertion, innervation

• Ischiatic tuberosity (ventrocaudal ischium)

• Cranial tibia and calcaneus via aponeurosis

• Sciatic nerve

Semimembranosus origin, insertion, innervation

• Ischiatic tuberosity

• Medial femur and tibia

• Sciatic nerve

Deep gluteal origin, insertion, innervation

• Ischium (ischiatic spine)

• Greater trochanter (proximolateral femur)

• Cranial gluteal nerve

Quadriceps origin, insertion, innervation

• Rectus femoris ilium, others femur

• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

• Femoral nerve

List the heads of the quadriceps.

• Rectus femoris

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus medialis

• Vastus intermedius

List the 3 hamstrings.

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

Pectineus origin, insertion, innervation

• Pubis

• Medial femur

• Obturator nerve

Adductor origin, insertion, innervation

• Pelvic symphysis

• Medial femur

• Obturator nerve

Gracilis origin, insertion, innervation

• Pelvic symphysis

• Crural (distal hindlimb) fascia and calcaneal tuberosity

• Obturator nerve

Gastrocnemius origin, insertion, innervation

• Lateral and medial femoral condyles (lateral and medial heads)

• Calcaneus

• Tibial nerve (from sciatic)

Which distal limb muscle has 2 heads?

Gastrocnemius- medial and lateral

Superficial digital flexors origin, insertion, innervation

• Lateral femoral condyles

• Calcaneus and proximal aspect of middle phalanges

• Sciatic nerve

Deep digital flexors origin, insertion, innervation

• Fibula

• Distal plantar phalanges

• Sciatic nerve

Cranial cruciate ligament insertion

‘Back to front’- inserts craniomedially onto tibial intercondylar area

Caudal cruciate ligament insertion

‘Front to back’- inserts caudomedially onto tibial intercondylar area

Which muscles insert on the calcaneus via the common calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon? (4)

• Gastrocnemius

• Superficial digital flexors

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• (gracilis)

Digital extensors (3) and innervation

• Tibialis cranialis

• Peroneus tertius

• Long digital extensor

• Common peroneal nerve (from sciatic)

2 proximal tarsal bones

Talus and calcaneus

Where are the tarsal extensors located and what do they also do?

• Caudal distal limb

• Digital flexors

Where are the tarsal flexors located and what do they also do?

• Cranial distal limb

• Digital extensors

Hip flexors (4)

• Rectus femoris ONLY

• Sartorius

• Tensor fascia lata

• (Iliopsoas)

Hip extensors (6)

• (glutes + hamstrings)

• Superficial gluteal

• Middle gluteal

• Deep gluteal

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

Hip adductors (3)

• Sartorius

• Gracilis

• Adductor

• (Pectineus- more for stabilisation)

Hip abductors (3)

• Superficial gluteal

• Middle gluteal

• Deep gluteal

• (Tensor fascia lata- minor role)

Stifle flexors (5)

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

• Gastrocnemius

• Sartorius

Stifle extensors (1)

All quadriceps heads